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Two species have almost identical requirements for a limiting resource. In a constant environment, one consistently uses that resource more efficiently. Which outcome illustrates competitive exclusion? A. Predation must always increase until both competitors…
In an illustrative mosquito experiment, individuals begin as larvae and later become pupae. A fraction of 1 means all are larvae; 0 means none remain larvae. Which conclusion follows from the graph? A. Development is faster at pH 6.5 than at pH 8.5 B. Every…
A unicellular Euglena culture fixes carbon in light but can also obtain organic nutrients from its surroundings. Which description covers both modes? A. Obligate carnivore only B. Obligate saprotroph only C. Obligate photoautotroph only D. Mixotroph
Ecologists mark 84 woodlice and return them to a study site. After mixing, a second sample contains 72 woodlice, of which 18 are marked. Using N = MC/R, what is the estimated population? A. 174 B. 336 C. 6048 D. 1512
Which pairing correctly identifies the external energy sources of two autotrophic nutritional modes? A. Photoautotroph: light; chemoautotroph: oxidation of inorganic substances B. Photoautotroph: prey tissue; chemoautotroph: sunlight C. Both: oxidation of…
Certain gut bacteria receive nutrients and a habitat from a mammal while supplying vitamins that benefit the host. What is the relationship? A. Parasitism B. Mutualism C. Predation D. Competitive exclusion
Black walnut roots release compounds that suppress growth of nearby susceptible plants. What is this interaction called? A. Mutualism B. Allelopathy C. Migration D. Pollination
Two protist species each grow well alone on the same limited food source. When cultured together, their populations change as shown. Which interpretation is best supported? A. Species Q consumes every individual of P B. Interspecific competition allows P to…
At X the growth of a population begins to slow as it approaches a plateau. Which change could account for this density-dependent slowdown? A. A rise in the spread of disease among crowded individuals B. An unlimited new food supply C. Complete removal of…
A microorganism fixes carbon dioxide using energy released when it oxidises hydrogen sulfide. Which nutritional category fits this organism? A. Photoheterotroph B. Saprotrophic heterotroph C. Chemoautotroph D. Photoautotroph