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What role do histone proteins play in a eukaryotic chromosome? A. They supply the catalytic centre of a ribosome B. They join amino acids during translation C. They form the spindle fibres that pull chromosomes apart D. They help package DNA into chromatin
Which term denotes the complete set of genetic information in an organism? A. A phenotype B. A gene pool shared by a population C. An individual allele D. A genome
Which statements apply to gas exchange in healthy mammalian lungs? I. Gases cross a moist exchange surface. II. Ventilation helps maintain the gradients driving diffusion. III. Breathing can remove water vapour from the body. A. I and II only B. II and III…
Water evaporates from mesophyll cell walls while roots have an adequate water supply. Which process helps replace the lost water? A. Upward bulk flow through xylem driven by transpiration pull B. Permanent closure of every stoma before any water is lost C.…
Which type of neuron carries an efferent signal from the central nervous system towards a gland acting as an effector? A. A motor neuron B. A sensory neuron carrying signals into the spinal cord C. A receptor cell confined to the retina D. A relay neuron…
Which cell contributes directly to innate defence by engulfing invading bacteria? A. An antibody-secreting plasma cell B. A memory B lymphocyte C. A neutrophil D. An antigen-specific cytotoxic T cell
After body temperature rises above the regulated range, which response and feedback classification are appropriate? A. Negative feedback: increased skin blood flow promotes heat loss B. Positive feedback: shivering reduces heat production C. Negative feedback:…
In a model 28-day ovarian cycle, ovulation occurs on day 14. Which structure develops from the ruptured follicle shortly afterwards? A. A placenta B. A second ovary C. A new oviduct D. A corpus luteum
Distantly related aquatic vertebrates independently evolve a streamlined body shape. Which process accounts for these analogous features? A. Random conversion of all acquired traits into inherited alleles B. Convergent evolution under similar functional…
Four model aquatic invertebrates feed on the same suspended food. Their preferred temperature ranges are shown. Which conclusions about this niche dimension are justified? Species | Preferred temperature / °C W | 14–17 X | 12–25 Y | 17–21 Z | 20–29 I. All four…