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In a model woodland survey, fungi are assigned to the nutritional groups shown. Which description matches the largest group? A. They obtain carbon mainly by photosynthesis B. They ingest large pieces of prey before internal digestion C. They digest dead…
An intestinal absorptive epithelial cell contains many mitochondria. Outline why this supports the cell’s function.
A freshwater invertebrate ingests fragments of dead leaves and digests them inside its gut. Which nutritional description is most specific? A. A photoautotroph using light to fix carbon B. A saprotroph secreting enzymes onto food outside its body C. A…
How do increasing greenhouse-gas concentrations contribute to warming? A. They convert all infrared radiation directly into visible light B. They open a hole through every cloud C. They absorb outgoing infrared radiation, reducing energy loss at a given…
Which process decreases the organic biomass retained within a feeding level? A. Fixing atmospheric carbon dioxide into sugars B. Oxidizing organic compounds in respiration and releasing carbon dioxide C. Converting absorbed amino acids into new tissue D.…
The diagram is a hypothetical food web. Which is a possible explanation for an increase in hares after lynx numbers are reduced? A. Hares may face less lynx predation, while increased voles could provide alternative prey for martens B. Fewer lynx necessarily…
Which two labelled transfers in this simplified carbon-cycle diagram represent respiration? Unlabelled routes are not part of the choice. A. P and Q B. P and S C. Q and R D. R and S
A diet provides very little fat over an extended period. Suggest one possible resulting problem.
A heritable variant that permits adult digestion of a particular dietary sugar becomes more frequent over many generations after that food becomes common. Which explanation is consistent with evolution? A. Eating the food directs every individual to produce…
Equal total areas of two meadows were sampled for a plant. The null hypothesis predicts equal density. A chi-squared goodness-of-fit calculation gives χ2 = 7.20. What conclusion follows at the 5% significance level? Meadow | Observed plants | Expected…