Describe how a fuel cell converts the chemical energy of hydrogen or methanol directly into electricity, and write the half-equations at each electrode in acidic and alkaline electrolytes as well as the overall reaction.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 10 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2023–2026.
Energy can also be produced by a hydrogen-oxygen fuel cell that uses an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide as the electrolyte. Hydrogen gas is fed to the anode and oxygen gas to the cathode. (i) Deduce the half-equations for the electrode reactions in this…
Which option describes the electrode reactions in a hydrogen fuel cell with an acidic electrolyte? 2 H2(g) + O2(g) → 2 H2O(l) A. Cathode: hydrogen is oxidized; anode: oxygen is reduced B. Cathode: oxygen is reduced; anode: hydrogen is oxidized C.…
In a molten carbonate fuel cell the mixture of hydrogen and carbon dioxide from the reaction is fed to the anode, while a mixture of oxygen and carbon dioxide is fed to the cathode. Carbonate ions, CO32−, move through the molten electrolyte from the…
Suggest why a molten carbonate fuel cell running on this gas mixture is considered to have a low environmental impact.
A direct ethanol fuel cell has an acidic electrolyte. At the anode, ethanol is oxidized to carbon dioxide gas. At the cathode, oxygen is reduced to water. Write equations for the half-reaction at the anode and the half-reaction at the cathode, and the overall…
Both hydrogen and methanol can be used as fuels in fuel cells. Outline one way in which a fuel cell differs from a primary (voltaic) cell.
Hydrogen iodide is an intermediate in some thermochemical cycles that are being researched as a way of obtaining hydrogen from water without using fossil fuels. Explain why there is great interest in producing hydrogen in this way.
Describe, in detail, how a hydrogen–oxygen fuel cell and a secondary cell can each be used again and again without being replaced. Fuel cell: Secondary cell:
Some bacteria can be used in microbial fuel cells to oxidize aqueous lactate ions, CH3CH(OH)COO−(aq), to carbon dioxide gas. Oxygen gas is reduced at the other electrode. The cell operates in acidic conditions. Deduce the half-equations for the…
A hydrogen fuel cell and a rechargeable lithium-ion cell can both be used to supply electricity again and again. Describe, for each type of cell, what must be done so that it can be used again after the cell can no longer supply electricity.
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