wzorowane3 pktobliczeniowetrudne (szac.)
Calculate the wavelength, in m, of the limit of convergence in the line emission spectrum of tin. Use sections 1, 2 and 9 of the data booklet.
Ionization energy from the convergence limit
Link the convergence limit of an emission spectrum to ionization, calculate the first ionization energy per mole from the wavelength or frequency of that limit (E = hν, c = λν), and explain first ionization energy trends across a period and down a group.
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wzorowane6 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)
Gallium was discovered in 1875 from its atomic emission spectrum, which contains two strong violet lines. (i) State which feature of an emission spectrum allows the ionization energy of the element to be determined. (ii) Using sections 1, 2 and 9 of the data…
wzorowane8 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)
(i) The boxes for the 1s and 2s orbitals of a sulfur atom are shown below. Draw the remaining orbitals needed for its ground-state electron configuration, filling and labelling each one. Use section 7 of the data booklet. (ii) For a sulfur atom, sketch the…
wzorowane7 pktotwartetrudne (szac.)
The presence of hydrogen in stars is deduced from lines in their spectra. (i) Outline what the emission spectrum of hydrogen looks like. Emission spectra of species that contain a single electron can be explained by a model in which the electron is held by the…