Wzorowane na: Chemistry HL Paper 1B, specimen 2025, pytanie 1(c). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Informacja do zadań 1a-1g.
An outdoor public swimming pool (a lido) stays open throughout the year. The water is not heated, and in winter, when the pool is used by cold-water swimmers, its temperature falls to about 5 °C. The water is disinfected with chlorine. When chlorine dissolves in water it reacts to form hypochlorous acid, HOCl, which is the species that actually kills microorganisms.
A student writing a report on chlorine as a disinfectant collects, from several websites and reference books, values for how much chlorine dissolves in pure water at various temperatures.
| Source | Temperature / °C | Solubility of chlorine |
|---|---|---|
| A | 5 | 1.18 g per 100 of water |
| B | 15 | 260 of gas per 100 of water |
| C | 20 | 6.9 g per of water |
| D | 25 | 620 mg per 100 of water |
| E | 35 | 152 of gas per 100 of water |
| F | 35 | 0.46 g per 100 g of water |
(i) Identify one difficulty in comparing the solubility values from these sources.
(ii) The student converts each solubility into .
| Source | Temperature / °C | Solubility of chlorine | Solubility of chlorine / |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | 5 | 1.18 g per 100 of water | 0.166 |
| B |
Calculate the value that is missing for source E, taking the density of chlorine gas at 35 °C to be 2.80 .
(iii) Suggest an explanation for the trend in solubility with temperature shown by the data.
(i) Any one of:
different units / solubility expressed in different ways «mass of gas in some sources, volume of gas in others; per volume of water in some, per mass of water in another» ✔
OR
the pressure of the chlorine gas is not stated ✔
OR
different precisions / numbers of significant figures ✔
OR
uncertainties of the values are not given ✔
OR
the density of the gas «needed for sources B and E» is not given ✔
(ii) «mass of chlorine =» 0.152 «» × 2.80 «» = 0.426 «g» ✔
«solubility =» 0.426 «g» / 70.90 «» / 0.100 «» = 0.0600 «
OR
«
0.0602 «» ✔
(iii) «solubility decreases as the temperature rises, so» dissolving chlorine in water is exothermic «and the equilibrium shifts towards undissolved gas at higher temperature» ✔
OR
«at higher temperature» the molecules have more kinetic energy and can break free of the attractions holding chlorine molecules among water molecules «so more gas escapes from the solution» ✔
OR
the negative entropy change of dissolving a gas becomes more significant «−TΔS more positive» at higher temperature ✔
(i) [1 max] for any one valid difficulty. (ii) M1: mass of chlorine from the volume of gas and its density (0.426 g); M2: division by M(Cl2) = 70.90 g mol−1 and by 0.100 dm3 to give 0.0600 mol dm−3. Award [2] for a correct final answer with working; accept 0.0594-0.0602 from PV = nRT (0.0594 with P = 100 kPa, 0.0602 with P = 101.3 kPa). ECF from M1. (iii) [1] for any explanation consistent with a decrease in solubility as temperature increases.
Two common slips: dividing by 100 instead of 0.100 (giving 6.00 × 10−4) and using 35.45 g mol−1 instead of 70.90 g mol−1 for Cl2. The value for source F assumes that 100 g of water occupies 100 cm3.
Porównujesz swoje rozwiązanie z kluczem? Maturownik+ oceni je analizą AI, policzy punkty wg schematu i zapisze Twoje błędy w kompendium.
Policz na kartce jak na maturze, odsłoń klucz i porównaj. Potem odhacz, żeby wiedzieć, co masz już za sobą.
ZrobioneOdhaczanie zapisuje się na Twoim koncie, więc wymaga darmowego konta. Zajmuje chwilę i wracasz do tego samego zadania.
| 15 |
| 260 of gas per 100 of water |
| 0.11 |
| C | 20 | 6.9 g per of water | 0.097 |
| D | 25 | 620 mg per 100 of water | 0.087 |
| E | 35 | 152 of gas per 100 of water |
| F | 35 | 0.46 g per 100 g of water | 0.065 |