Atom economy

Chemia IBPaper 1A, maj 2025, TZ3wzorowane1 pktzamkniętełatwe (szac.)

Zadanie 18

Which route to chloroethane has an atom economy of 100 %? A. C₂H₅OH + PCl₅ → C₂H₅Cl + POCl₃ + HCl B. C₂H₆ + Cl₂ → C₂H₅Cl + HCl C. C₂H₅OH + HCl → C₂H₅Cl + H₂O D. C₂H₄ + HCl → C₂H₅Cl

Chemia IBPaper 1A, maj 2025, TZ1wzorowane1 pktzamkniętełatwe (szac.)

Zadanie 20

One route to 2-bromopropane is the substitution of propane by bromine in ultraviolet light. C₃H₈(g) + Br₂(g) → C₃H₇Br(g) + HBr(g) (C₃H₈ = 44.11 g mol⁻¹, Br₂ = 159.80 g mol⁻¹, C₃H₇Br = 123.00…

Chemia IBPaper 2, listopad 2025, TZ1wzorowane2 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2d

For the overall reaction shown above, calculate the atom economy of this route from propane and ethane to propyl ethanoate. Use sections 1 and 7 of the data booklet.

Chemia IBPaper 2, listopad 2025, TZ3wzorowane3 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 3a

(i) If the reaction has a percentage yield of 80 %, calculate the mass, in g, of benzene that would be produced from 2.0 kg of cyclohexane. (ii) Calculate the atom economy for this reaction, as a percentage.

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, specimen 2025wzorowane4 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 4f

Propan-2-ol reacts with tetradecanoic acid to produce propan-2-yl tetradecanoate, an ester used in skin creams. C₁₃H₂₇COOH(l) + CH₃CH(OH)CH₃(l) ⇌ C₁₃H₂₇COOCH(CH₃)₂(l) + X(l) (i) Identify the by-product X(l). (ii) Calculate the atom economy of this…

Chemia IBPaper 3, maj 2024, TZ2wzorowane4 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2a

(i) The ideal PMI, which corresponds to the greenest possible process, is 1. Estimate the ideal value of each of the other three metrics. (ii) Identify the metric in the table that cannot be affected by the choice of solvent. (iii) Suggest one reason why the…

Chemia IBPaper 3, maj 2024, TZ2wzorowane3 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2b

Two methods of making ethyl ethanoate are compared using the Eco-Scale. The penalty points are given in the table. Method 1: ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol, with concentrated sulfuric acid as the catalyst. The mixture is heated in a microwave reactor for 40…

• Tabela do uzupełnienia
• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 3, maj 2024, TZ2wzorowane1 pktobliczeniowełatwe (szac.)

Zadanie 4a

Ethenyl ethanoate, CH₃COOCH=CH₂, is the monomer of poly(ethenyl ethanoate). One industrial route makes it from ethene, ethanoic acid and oxygen: $\ce{C2H4(g) + CH3COOH(g) + 1/2O2(g) -> CH3COOCH=CH2(g) + H2O(g)}$ Calculate the percent atom economy for…

Chemia IBPaper 3, listopad 2024wzorowane2 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 5b

A simplified overall process produces the ester C₅H₁₀O₂ as the desired product: 2 C₃H₅ClO + 2 C₂H₆O + Ca(OH)₂ → 2 C₅H₁₀O₂ + CaCl₂ + 2 H₂O The molar masses of C₃H₅ClO, C₂H₆O, Ca(OH)₂ and C₅H₁₀O₂ are respectively 92.52,…

Chemia IBPaper 3, maj 2023, TZ1wzorowane1 pktobliczeniowełatwe (szac.)

Zadanie 3a

Iron is extracted in a blast furnace by reducing iron(III) oxide with carbon monoxide. Fe₂O₃(s) + 3 CO(g) → 2 Fe(s) + 3 CO₂(g) Calculate the percentage atom economy for the production of iron by this reaction. Use section 1 of the data booklet.

Chemia IBPaper 3, maj 2023, TZ2wzorowane5 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 3b

Beryllium metal is produced by the electrolysis of beryllium chloride, BeCl₂, dissolved in molten sodium chloride. (i) Write the half-equation for the process at the electrode where beryllium metal is produced. (ii) Calculate the atom economy of this…