Half-equations and balancing redox equations

Write half-equations for oxidation and reduction showing electron loss or gain, balance them in acidic or neutral solution with H2O and H+, and combine them into the overall redox equation, including titration reactions such as MnO4- with Fe2+.

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Zadanie 1ePaper 2, maj 2026
wzorowane1 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Many rechargeable batteries use an alkaline electrolyte. In the nickel-cadmium cell, cadmium, Cd\ce{Cd}, is the anode. Cd(OH)X2(s)+2eXCd(s)+2OHX(aq)\ce{Cd(OH)2(s) + 2e- -> Cd(s) + 2OH-(aq)} NiO(OH)(s)+HX2O(l)+eXNi(OH)X2(s)+OHX(aq)\ce{NiO(OH)(s) + H2O(l) + e- -> Ni(OH)2(s) + OH-(aq)} Deduce the overall reaction for the cell.

Zadanie 4aPaper 2, maj 2025, TZ1
wzorowane4 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

In the first step, manganese(III) ions formed from the manganate(VII) are complexed by ethanedioate ions. [Mn(HX2O)X6]X3+(aq)+2CX2OX4X2(aq)[Mn(CX2OX4)X2(HX2O)X2]X(aq)+4HX2O(l)\ce{[Mn(H2O)6]^3+(aq) + 2C2O4^2-(aq) -> [Mn(C2O4)2(H2O)2]^-(aq) + 4H2O(l)} (i) Adding a small amount of manganese(II) sulfate, MnSOX4(s)\ce{MnSO4(s)}, at the…

Zadanie 28Paper 1A, listopad 2025, TZ1
wzorowane1 pktzamknięteśrednie (szac.)

Which half-equation represents the reduction of sulfuric acid to sulfur dioxide in acidic solution? A. HX2SOX4+2HX++2eXSOX2+2HX2O\ce{H2SO4 + 2H+ + 2e- -> SO2 + 2H2O} B. HX2SOX4+4HX++4eXSOX2+2HX2O\ce{H2SO4 + 4H+ + 4e- -> SO2 + 2H2O} C. HX2SOX4+2HX2OSOX2+6HX++2eX\ce{H2SO4 + 2H2O -> SO2 + 6H+ + 2e-} D.…

Zadanie 27Paper 1A, specimen 2025
wzorowane1 pktzamknięteśrednie (szac.)

In a redox titration, dichromate(VI) ions are reduced to chromium(III) ions and iron(II) ions are oxidized to iron(III) ions. CrX2OX7X2(aq)\ce{Cr2O7^2-(aq)} reduced to CrX3+(aq)\ce{Cr^3+(aq)} FeX2+(aq)\ce{Fe^2+(aq)} oxidized to FeX3+(aq)\ce{Fe^3+(aq)} What volume, in cm3\mathrm{cm^3}, of…

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