Describe the structures of diamond, graphite, graphene, fullerenes, silicon and silicon dioxide, and explain their melting points, hardness, electrical conductivity and other properties in terms of bonding and structure.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 13 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Which statement about diamond, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide is correct? A. The central atoms in carbon dioxide and in silicon dioxide have the same electron domain geometry B. Diamond and carbon dioxide both have high melting points C. Diamond and…
Discuss the melting points in the table below in terms of the bonding and/or intermolecular forces present in each substance.
Four allotropes of carbon, labelled W, X, Y and Z, are described in the table. Which row correctly identifies each allotrope? A. Diamond: Y, Graphite: W, Graphene: Z, Fullerene: X B. Diamond: Y, Graphite: Z, Graphene: W, Fullerene: X C. Diamond: Z, Graphite:…
Which statements about the allotropes of carbon are correct? I. Graphite conducts electricity because each carbon atom contributes one electron to a delocalized system. II. Diamond conducts electricity because it has a covalent network structure. III.…
Which substance is a good conductor of electricity in the solid state? A. Graphene B. Diamond C. Silicon dioxide D. Silicon
A solid has a very high melting point, does not conduct electricity when solid or when molten, and is insoluble in water and in non-polar solvents. Which type of structure does the solid have? A. Ionic lattice B. Metallic lattice C. Covalent molecular D.…
What is the arrangement of the oxygen atoms around each silicon atom in the giant covalent structure of silicon dioxide? A. Linear B. Tetrahedral C. Trigonal planar D. Octahedral
Phosphorus and oxygen each have a second value in the last column of the table. Suggest why a single element can have two different atomic volumes.
Molten lithium bromide, LiBr(l), is electrolysed using inert graphite electrodes, as shown in the diagram. (i) Identify the product formed at the cathode. (ii) State the direction in which the electrons flow in the external circuit, referring to the…
Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms, is used to reinforce plastics and metals. Outline why graphene is so strong and rigid.
The properties of a material depend on the way its atoms are bonded and arranged. Sheets of pyrolytic graphite, which consists of many stacked layers of carbon atoms, are used in some phones to spread heat away from the processor. A sheet conducts heat very…
Graphite foil is made of many layers of carbon atoms stacked on top of each other. It is used to spread heat away from the processor of a mobile phone because it conducts heat well parallel to the layers but poorly perpendicular to them. Suggest why graphite…
(i) Outline one way in which the bonding between carbon atoms in graphite differs from that in diamond. (ii) Explain why fullerene, C60, sublimes at a much lower temperature than graphite.
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