Zadanie 1d
Nitric acid, HNO3, is strong, while nitrous acid, HNO2, is weak. (i) Outline the difference between a strong and a weak acid. (ii) Deduce the Lewis formula and the molecular geometry for the nitrite ion, NO2−.
VSEPR theory and molecular shapes
Use the VSEPR model to predict electron domain geometry and molecular geometry for species with two, three or four electron domains, state the bond angles, and explain how lone pairs reduce angles in bent and trigonal pyramidal molecules.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 31 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
Zadania sprawdzające tę umiejętność: 31 Otwórz w wyszukiwarce z filtrami
Zadanie 2a
(i) Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide by nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH⊖, in kJ mol−1, for the reaction SO2(g) + NO2(g) → SO3(g) + NO(g) given these reactions and enthalpy…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
Compound X is a flavour compound that occurs in many plants. Its structure is shown below. (i) State the IUPAC name of compound X. (ii) State the name of the functional group represented by the C=O bond itself in compound X. (iii) Predict the size of the H–C=O…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
The structure of dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH, is shown. What are the molecular geometries around a carbon atom and around the nitrogen atom? In each option the geometry around carbon is given first and the geometry around nitrogen second. A. Trigonal…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 7
Which statement about diamond, carbon dioxide and silicon dioxide is correct? A. The central atoms in carbon dioxide and in silicon dioxide have the same electron domain geometry B. Diamond and carbon dioxide both have high melting points C. Diamond and…
Zadanie 8
What is the correct electron domain geometry and molecular geometry of NCl3? A. Trigonal planar electron domain geometry, trigonal planar molecular geometry B. Tetrahedral electron domain geometry, trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry C. Trigonal…
Zadanie 1a
At room temperature hydrogen cyanide is a liquid that evaporates readily, whereas ethyne, C2H2, which has almost the same molar mass, is a gas that boils at −84 °C. (i) Draw the Lewis formula of the hydrogen cyanide molecule, showing all valence…
Zadanie 4b
Both ionic and covalent bonding are present in sodium ethanedioate, Na2C2O4. (i) Describe the two types of bonding. Ionic bonding: Covalent bonding: (ii) Deduce a Lewis formula of the ethanedioate ion, C2O42−. (iii) State the geometry of the…
Zadanie 7a
(i) State the electron configuration of a nitrogen atom. (ii) Draw the Lewis formula of ammonia. (iii) Deduce the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of the ammonia molecule. (iv) Explain why the ammonia molecule is polar.
Zadanie 11
Which row lists these molecules in order of increasing bond angle? A. NF3, SiH4, HCHO, C2H2 B. SiH4, NF3, HCHO, C2H2 C. NF3, HCHO, SiH4, C2H2 D. C2H2, HCHO,…
Zadanie 23
What are the electron domain geometries around the nitrogen atom and the carbon atom bonded directly to it, in alanine, H2NCH(CH3)COOH? A. Trigonal planar (C), trigonal pyramidal (N) B. Tetrahedral (C), trigonal pyramidal (N) C. Trigonal pyramidal (C),…
Zadanie 6
Which row correctly gives the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of oxygen difluoride, OF2? A. Tetrahedral electron domain geometry; bent molecular geometry B. Trigonal planar electron domain geometry; bent molecular geometry C.…
Zadanie 7
What are the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of sulfur dioxide, SO2? A. Electron domain geometry: trigonal planar; molecular geometry: bent B. Electron domain geometry: trigonal planar; molecular geometry: trigonal planar C. Electron…
Zadanie 2b
(i) Draw a Lewis (electron dot) structure of the nitrite ion. (ii) Predict the shape of the ion and the size of the O-N-O bond angle.
Zadanie 4b
(i) Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure of carbonyl chloride. (ii) Mark the bond polarities on your Lewis structure using the symbols δ+ and δ−. (iii) Explain the shape of the carbonyl chloride molecule and whether it is polar. (iv) Outline…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 12
Which combination best describes SO32−? A. 4 electron domains around S, trigonal pyramidal, 107° B. 3 electron domains around S, trigonal planar, 120° C. 4 electron domains around S, tetrahedral, 109.5° D. 3 electron domains around…
Zadanie 3a
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, can be represented by more than one Lewis (electron dot) structure. (i) Sketch a Lewis (electron dot) structure of SO2 in which all atoms obey the octet rule. (ii) State the molecular geometry of SO2 and the O-S-O bond…
Zadanie 11
The structure of a compound is shown below. Atom (1) is the nitrogen atom of the ring, atom (2) is the ring carbon bonded to the triple bond and atom (3) is the terminal carbon of the triple bond. What is the molecular geometry around each of the numbered…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
(i) State the electron domain geometry of the water molecule. (ii) Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of water and sketch its 3D molecular shape. (iii) Explain, with reference to the forces between molecules, why water has a higher boiling point than…
Zadanie 2c
Predict the O-O-O bond angle in ozone, O3.
Zadanie 11
What is the electron domain geometry of phosphine, PH3? A. trigonal planar B. trigonal pyramidal C. tetrahedral D. bent
Zadanie 12
Which sequence shows the bond angles in H2O, NH3 and BF3 in order of increasing size? A. BF3 < NH3 < H2O B. H2O < NH3 < BF3 C. NH3 < H2O < BF3 D. H2O < BF3 < NH3
Zadanie 4b
Deduce the molecular geometry of COS and of H2S, and state why the two geometries differ.
Zadanie 4b
Deduce the shapes of the CO2 and H2O molecules and explain why they differ.
Zadanie 12
What are the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of the nitrite ion, NO2−? A. trigonal planar and bent B. trigonal planar and trigonal planar C. tetrahedral and bent D. linear and linear
Zadanie 12
What are the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of the sulfite ion, SO32−, in that order? A. Tetrahedral and tetrahedral B. Trigonal planar and trigonal planar C. Trigonal planar and trigonal pyramidal D. Tetrahedral and trigonal…
Zadanie 3d
(i) Draw the Lewis formula of methanal. (ii) Explain the electron domain geometry around the carbon atom in methanal.
Zadanie 11
Which molecule is the most polar? A. CO2 B. CCl4 C. H2S D. H2O
Zadanie 1f
Solid ammonium chloride decomposes when heated to form two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride. (i) Write the chemical equation for this decomposition. (ii) Calculate the volume of ammonia produced at STP when an 8.00 g sample of ammonium chloride decomposes.…
Zadanie 10
Which molecule is polar? A. PCl3 B. BF3 C. CCl4 D. CO2
Zadanie 11
Sulfur dioxide, SO2, has sulfur as the central atom. The electronegativity of sulfur is 2.6 and that of oxygen is 3.4. Which row describes the polarity of the bonds and of the molecule correctly? A. S=O bonds: O is δ − and S is δ +;…
- Materiał graficzny