The covalent model

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane2 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 1c

The final step can be summarized as: 3 NO₂(g) + H₂O(l) → 2 HNO₃(aq) + NO(g) ΔH^⊖ = −138 kJ mol⁻¹ Describe the types of bonding found in the concentrated aqueous nitric acid product.

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane3 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 1d

Nitric acid, HNO₃, is strong, while nitrous acid, HNO₂, is weak. (i) Outline the difference between a strong and a weak acid. (ii) Deduce the Lewis formula and the molecular geometry for the nitrite ion, NO₂⁻.

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane4 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2c

(i) Write the equation for the reaction of Rb with water, H₂O, including state symbols. (ii) Describe the type of bonding in Rb and in H₂O, and explain how the valence electrons in each produce that type of bond.

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ2wzorowane9 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2a

Iodine crystals, I₂(s), were sealed in a flask and left until an equilibrium was reached with violet vapour above the crystals. I₂(s) ⇌ I₂(g) (i) Name the change of state from I₂(s) to I₂(g) and state the type of force between…

Chemia IBPaper 1B, maj 2026, TZ3wzorowane1 pktotwartełatwe (szac.)

Zadanie 2a

The structure of lycopene is shown. To separate the lycopene, the filtered juice was shaken in a separating funnel with heptane, C₇H₁₆, and the mixture was left to form two immiscible layers, which were run into separate flasks. Predict which layer will…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ3wzorowane6 pktobliczenioweśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 2a

(i) Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide by nitrogen dioxide in the atmosphere. Determine the enthalpy change, ΔH^⊖, in kJ mol⁻¹, for the reaction SO₂(g) + NO₂(g) → SO₃(g) + NO(g) given these reactions and enthalpy…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ1wzorowane5 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 3c

Pentan-2-ol can form by reacting pent-1-ene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. CH₂=CHCH₂CH₂CH₃(g) + H₂O(l) → CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CH₂CH₃(aq) ΔH^⊖ = −84 kJ mol⁻¹ (i) Explain why increasing the temperature would increase…

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ2wzorowane4 pktotwartełatwe (szac.)

Zadanie 4a

Compound X is a flavour compound that occurs in many plants. Its structure is shown below. (i) State the IUPAC name of compound X. (ii) State the name of the functional group represented by the C=O bond itself in compound X. (iii) Predict the size of the H–C=O…

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 2, maj 2026, TZ3wzorowane2 pktotwarteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 4c

The compounds butan-1-ol and ethoxyethane have the same molar mass. Their structures are shown below. Explain, with reasons, why butan-1-ol has a higher boiling point than ethoxyethane.

• Materiał graficzny

Chemia IBPaper 1A, maj 2026, TZ2wzorowane1 pktzamknięteśrednie (szac.)

Zadanie 7

The structure of dimethylamine, (CH₃)₂NH, is shown. What are the molecular geometries around a carbon atom and around the nitrogen atom? In each option the geometry around carbon is given first and the geometry around nitrogen second. A. Trigonal…

• Materiał graficzny