The covalent model

The final step can be summarized as: $\ce{3NO2(g) + H2O(l) -> 2HNO3(aq) + NO(g)}$ $\Delta H^\ominus = -138\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}$ Describe the types of bonding found in the concentrated aqueous nitric acid product.

Nitric acid, $\ce{HNO3}$, is strong, while nitrous acid, $\ce{HNO2}$, is weak. (i) Outline the difference between a strong and a weak acid. (ii) Deduce the Lewis formula and the molecular geometry for the nitrite ion, $\ce{NO2-}$.

(i) Write the equation for the reaction of Rb with water, $\ce{H2O}$, including state symbols. (ii) Describe the type of bonding in $\ce{Rb}$ and in $\ce{H2O}$, and explain how the valence electrons in each produce that type of bond.

Pentan-2-ol can form by reacting pent-1-ene with water in the presence of an acid catalyst. $\ce{CH2=CHCH2CH2CH3(g) + H2O(l) -> CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3(aq)}$ $\Delta H^\ominus = -84\ \mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}$ (i) Explain why increasing the temperature would increase…

What is the correct electron domain geometry and molecular geometry of $\ce{NCl3}$? A. Trigonal planar electron domain geometry, trigonal planar molecular geometry B. Tetrahedral electron domain geometry, trigonal pyramidal molecular geometry C. Trigonal…

Which species contains a coordination bond? A. $\ce{AlCl3}$ B. $\ce{PH3}$ C. $\ce{[NH4]+}$ D. $\ce{HCOO-}$

Which molecules are polar? I. $\ce{CHCl3}$ II. $\ce{CH2F2}$ III. $\ce{CF4}$ A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III

Outline why solid tin(IV) iodide is classified as a polar covalent compound. Use sections 9 and 17 of the data booklet.

At room temperature hydrogen cyanide is a liquid that evaporates readily, whereas ethyne, $\ce{C2H2}$, which has almost the same molar mass, is a gas that boils at −84 °C. (i) Draw the Lewis formula of the hydrogen cyanide molecule, showing all valence…

Which row shows the gas and the conditions under which its behaviour is closest to that of an ideal gas? A. Hydrogen fluoride, $\ce{HF}$, at high pressure and low temperature B. Methane, $\ce{CH4}$, at high pressure and low temperature C. Hydrogen fluoride,…