Compare coal, crude oil and natural gas by their advantages and disadvantages, and calculate how much carbon dioxide different fuels release per unit of mass or energy from combustion equations and enthalpy of combustion data.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 17 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2025.
Which statement best describes an environmental consequence of using fossil fuels? A. The carbon dioxide released is completely absorbed by the oceans, so its concentration in the atmosphere does not change. B. Coal has a higher hydrogen to carbon ratio than…
Which energy source is renewable? A. natural gas B. biodiesel made from vegetable oil C. petrol (gasoline) refined from crude oil D. uranium
(i) Draw the Lewis (electron dot) structure of carbonyl chloride. (ii) Mark the bond polarities on your Lewis structure using the symbols δ+ and δ−. (iii) Explain the shape of the carbonyl chloride molecule and whether it is polar. (iv) Outline…
Ethane is used as a fuel. Calculate its specific energy, in kJ g−1, using the enthalpy of combustion in section 14 and the atomic masses in section 7 of the data booklet.
Natural gas, which is mainly methane, and coal, which is mainly carbon, are both burned in power stations. Outline why burning natural gas has a lower environmental impact than burning coal.
Cyclopentane is a component of petrol. Its specific energy, the energy released per kilogram of fuel burned, is 4.69 × 107 J kg−1. Calculate the enthalpy of combustion of cyclopentane, C5H10, in kJ mol−1. Use…
Petrol (gasoline) is a mixture of hydrocarbons and can be blended with bioethanol. The carbon footprint of a fuel can be expressed as the mass of carbon dioxide, in kg, produced per kg of fuel burned. Calculate the carbon footprint of heptane, C7H16, in…
Methanol, CH3OH, can be used as a fuel. The standard enthalpy of combustion of methanol is −726 kJ mol−1. Calculate the mass of carbon dioxide produced per 1000 kJ of heat released by the complete combustion of methanol.
(i) Write the balanced equation for photosynthesis, in which glucose is formed. (ii) Explain how the large-scale planting of fast-growing trees is intended to reduce the rate of global warming.
Hexane is a component of petrol. The equation for its combustion is: Determine the mass of carbon dioxide, in g, released for every 1 kJ of energy produced by the combustion of hexane. Use section 14 of the data…
Hydrogen iodide is an intermediate in some thermochemical cycles that are being researched as a way of obtaining hydrogen from water without using fossil fuels. Explain why there is great interest in producing hydrogen in this way.
Explain why there has been so much recent research into this process.
Name the hydrocarbon that is the main component of natural gas.
Outline one advantage and one disadvantage, other than cost, of burning natural gas instead of coal in a power station. Advantage: Disadvantage:
Natural gas is a fossil fuel used for heating homes. State the molecular formula of the main component of natural gas.
Outline one advantage and one disadvantage, apart from cost, of using natural gas rather than coal as the fuel in a power station.
Coal-fired power stations release carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides. Discuss two different measures that could reduce the environmental impact of generating electricity from coal.
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