Wzorowane na: Chemistry SL Paper 1B, November 2025, TZ1, pytanie 3(c). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Informacja do zadań 3a-3e.
A student used paper chromatography to find out which coloured dyes had been mixed to make the brown ink of a marker pen, and to compare the polarities of those dyes. A spot of the ink was placed on the start line of each of two identical paper strips. The start line was drawn in pencil 1.5 cm from the bottom edge of the strip, and each strip was placed in a covered beaker containing a different solvent system, both mixtures of ethanol and water. System 1 was 25 % ethanol and 75 % water by volume; system 2 was 75 % ethanol and 25 % water by volume. Each run gave four coloured spots. The positions of the start line, the solvent front and the spots were measured from the bottom edge of each strip.
| Position measured from the bottom edge / cm | System 1 (25 % ethanol) | System 2 (75 % ethanol) |
|---|---|---|
| Start line | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Solvent front | 17.5 | 15.5 |
| Violet spot | 16.2 | 5.6 |
| Blue spot | 14.1 | 11.3 |
| Orange spot | 11.1 | 7.8 |
| Yellow spot | 3.3 | 3.0 |
For the orange dye, calculate the retardation factor, , obtained in each solvent system.
| Dye | |
|---|---|
| Orange dye, system 1 (25 % ethanol) | |
| Orange dye, system 2 (75 % ethanol) |
system 1: «» 0.600 ✔
system 2: «
[1] for each value. Accept 0.575 to 0.625 for system 1 and 0.425 to 0.475 for system 2. Values obtained by measuring from the bottom edge instead of the start line (0.634 and 0.503) earn nothing.
Both distances are measured from the start line, not from the bottom edge of the paper.
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