Odpowiedź z klucza
(i) boxes added and labelled 2p «three boxes», 3s and 3p «three boxes», with the 3s and 3p boxes drawn above the 2p boxes ✔
1s ↑↓, 2s ↑↓, 2p ↑↓ ↑↓ ↑↓, 3s ↑↓, 3p ↑↓ ↑ ↑ «16 electrons; the two unpaired 3p electrons have parallel spins» ✔
(ii) s orbital drawn as a sphere centred on the origin AND labelled «3s» ✔
p orbital drawn as two lobes along one axis with the node at the origin AND labelled «3p» ✔
(iii) «the outermost electron sits in» a higher energy level, in a shell that lies further out from the nucleus ✔
increased shielding by the inner-shell electrons weakens the pull the nucleus exerts on this outer electron ✔
Schemat punktowania
(i) M1: orbitals labelled 1s, 2s, 2p, 3s, 3p with the third-shell boxes above the second-shell boxes; M2: correct occupancy 2, 2, 6, 2, 4 with Hund's rule obeyed in 3p. (ii) [1] for each correctly shaped and labelled orbital; the p orbital must lie along one axis with its node at the origin (any of the three axes). (iii) M1: outer electron further from the nucleus / higher energy level (an increase in atomic radius alone is not enough); M2: more shielding or weaker attraction.
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