Umiejętności z tego działu sprawdzają 44 zadania wzorowane na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026. Dział pojawia się w 34 z 54 arkuszy w bazie.
Directional processes depend on structures that constrain movement. (a) Outline how structures in the human circulatory system limit backward blood flow. (b) Explain why transmission across a chemical synapse proceeds from the presynaptic to the postsynaptic…
Membranes support water balance, electrical signalling and energy conversion. (a) Outline what happens to cells in a piece of plant tissue transferred to a hypotonic solution. (b) Describe the establishment and maintenance of a resting membrane potential in a…
The trace shows an action potential in an axon. What is the state of the voltage-gated channels at X? Treat an inactivated sodium channel as closed to ion flow. A. Potassium channels conduct; sodium channels do not conduct B. Sodium channels conduct; potassium…
An impulse reaches the end of a motor neuron. Which event directly signals synaptic vesicles to release acetylcholine? A. Calcium ions enter the presynaptic terminal through opened channels B. Potassium ions bind to receptors on the muscle cell surface C.…
The schematic cross-section shows axons surrounded by concentric membrane layers. What function is associated with structure X? A. It provides insulation that permits faster impulse conduction along the axon B. It synthesizes neurotransmitter receptors in…
Explain how this channel contributes to an action potential.
A eukaryotic cell depends on membranes to organize reactions, exchange materials and respond to signals. (a) Discuss the benefits of membrane-bound compartments. (b) Describe mechanisms that move materials across the cell boundary. (c) Explain how axon…
The trace shows a neuronal action potential. At which labelled region do voltage-gated sodium channels open during this action potential? A. P B. R C. Q D. S
A neonicotinoid insecticide disrupts communication between neurons in an insect. What molecular interaction is responsible? A. Cleaving acetylcholine into glucose and phosphate B. Blocking protein synthesis in the insect’s bacterial symbionts C. Binding to…
The axons shown are at the same temperature. Which is expected to conduct an action potential most slowly? A. P B. S C. Q D. R
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