Zadanie 6, Paper 2, listopad 2022, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, November 2022, pytanie 6. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Darmowe konto pozwoli wrócić do niego później.
Zadanie
Polecenie
Cell specialization depends on coordinated cellular processes.
(a) Outline processes occurring during interphase.
(b) Describe how an action potential propagates along an axon.
(c) Explain how cells in blood produce a specific immune response.
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Pokaż rozwiązanieUkryj rozwiązanieKlucz i punktacja
Odpowiedź z klucza
(a) The cell grows. ✔
Mitochondria or chloroplasts divide OR organelle numbers increase. ✔
DNA is replicated. ✔
Genes are transcribed or mRNA is produced. ✔
Proteins are synthesized. ✔
Respiration produces ATP. ✔
(b) Sodium ions diffuse into the axon. ✔
The membrane depolarizes, becoming less negative and then positive. ✔
Potassium channels open and potassium ions diffuse out. ✔
The membrane repolarizes. ✔
Local currents arise as charge spreads along the axon. ✔
These currents open sodium channels or depolarize the next membrane region. ✔
Threshold depolarization triggers opening of voltage-gated sodium channels. ✔
(c) Antibodies are produced in response to a particular pathogen. ✔
An antibody binds a specific antigen. ✔
Phagocytes engulf pathogens OR present their antigens. ✔
Antigens OR antigen presentation activate helper T lymphocytes. ✔
Activated helper T cells activate B lymphocytes. ✔
B lymphocytes with the matching antigen specificity are selected. ✔
Activated B cells divide by mitosis to form clones, including plasma cells. ✔
Plasma cells secrete large quantities of antibody OR antibodies of the same type. ✔
Some activated B cells become memory cells. ✔
Memory cells support a faster response on later exposure or lasting immunity. ✔
Quality: the response is understandable on first reading, concise and has little repetition or irrelevant content. ✔
Schemat punktowania
(a) Any 4, maximum 4. (b) Any 4, maximum 4; do not credit sodium entry by pumping. Allow the potassium-channel point by ECF when both ion directions are reversed or both movements are called pumping, as in the source scheme, but do not turn that into credit for the incorrect sodium mechanism. (c) Any 7, maximum 7. Independent quality mark 1. Total 16.
Umiejętności w zadaniu
- Ion channel events in an action potentialĆwicz podobne
- Progression through the cell cycleĆwicz podobne
- Local currents and impulse propagationĆwicz podobne
- Clonal expansion and plasma cell formationĆwicz podobne
- Antigen recognition and antibody responsesĆwicz podobne
- Phagocyte movement and pathogen destructionĆwicz podobne
- Helper T cells activating specific B cellsĆwicz podobne
- Long-lived memory and immunityĆwicz podobne
- Biosynthesis and organelle growth in interphaseĆwicz podobne