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A plant cell equilibrates first in solution P and then in a more concentrated solution Q. Its appearances are shown. How do its water potential and pressure potential change from P to Q? A. Water potential rises; pressure potential rises B. Water potential…
Use the rooted cladogram to choose the deduction supported by its branching pattern. A. The lizard is more closely related to the perch than to the rabbit B. The salamander lacks lungs because it branches before the mammals C. The hare shares a more recent…
Which pairing describes a mechanism and a possible consequence in the formation of species? A. Increased interbreeding — guaranteed reproductive isolation B. Permanent mixing of gene pools — prevention of all allele-frequency change C. Reduced gene flow…
Two wild populations of a sexually reproducing amphibian differ in colour pattern. Which observation most strongly supports classifying them as the same species under the biological species concept? A. They live in neighbouring valleys B. They use the same…
Which molecular comparison was central to distinguishing Bacteria, Archaea and Eukarya as major domains? A. Measuring the concentration of messenger RNA in growing cultures B. Counting the amino acids in one dietary protein C. Comparing the colours of membrane…
A short standardized DNA sequence from a river-water sample is compared with a reference library. What is this use of DNA barcoding designed to determine? A. The exact age of every fish B. Which organisms will necessarily survive next winter C. Which species…
A recording includes quiet breathing followed by a maximal inspiration and maximal expiration. What is the vital capacity per unit body mass? A. 8 mL kg⁻¹ B. 12 mL kg⁻¹ C. 76 mL kg⁻¹ D. 64 mL kg⁻¹
Destruction of walls between neighbouring alveoli leaves larger air spaces in a lung. What direct effect impairs gas exchange? A. The total respiratory surface area is reduced B. The diffusion path through every remaining cell becomes zero C. The blood gains…
Which description correctly links a structure at a synovial joint with its function? A. A tendon conveys pulling force from muscle to bone B. Synovial fluid fixes the two bones rigidly together C. A ligament generates force by sarcomere shortening D. Cartilage…
Identical leafy shoots with open stomata are supplied with water. Which environmental change would increase water loss from their leaves, with other factors held constant? A. Replacing moving air with still air B. Raising air temperature while keeping relative…