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Which pair of changes would tend to increase transpiration from a well-watered plant with open stomata? A. Lower light availability and higher relative humidity B. Lower air temperature and higher relative humidity C. Higher relative humidity and slower air…
How can the relatively compliant walls of a vein help return blood from a limb? A. They resist all external compression B. They replace the need for a pressure gradient C. They can be compressed by nearby skeletal muscles, helping propel blood through valves…
During a blood-pressure measurement the cuff is gradually deflated. The graph includes the arterial pressure oscillations. Which pair gives the systolic pressure followed by the diastolic pressure? A. 148 mmHg, then 58 mmHg B. 82 mmHg, then 128 mmHg C. 128…
The drawing represents a shortened sarcomere. Which labelled feature increases in length when the sarcomere relaxes and stretches back? A. R, the length of a thin filament B. P, the distance between the two Z-discs C. S, the width of the central line D. Q, the…
Curve Q lies to the right of curve P. Which combination can account for this shift in adult blood? A. Less carbon dioxide binding; lower oxygen affinity B. Less carbon dioxide binding; unchanged oxygen affinity C. More carbon dioxide binding; lower oxygen…
After a person steps on a sharp object, a withdrawal reflex bends the leg. Which component acts as the effector? A. A contracting leg muscle B. A sensory axon from the skin C. A relay neuron in the spinal cord D. A pain receptor in the sole
A plant signal accumulates around ripening bananas and promotes ripening in nearby fruit. Which substance acts directly in this response? A. Glucagon B. Ethylene C. Melatonin D. Testosterone
Simplified circulation pathways are shown. Which pair labels low-pressure deoxygenated blood returning from body tissues in the two animals? A. P and S B. Q and R C. Q and S D. P and R
Which cell can provide an innate defence by engulfing microbes without first selecting a clone with a matching antigen receptor? A. A plasma cell secreting one antibody specificity B. A memory B cell C. An activated helper T cell D. A macrophage
A bacterial isolate is no longer killed by an antibiotic that inhibited an earlier isolate of the same species. Which biological change could explain the difference? A. A mutation has altered a bacterial target so the drug binds less effectively B. The…