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Dodaj cały arkusz do zestawuA small water-strider rests on the surface of a still freshwater pool without breaking through it. Which property directly supports its weight? A. Surface tension B. Transparency C. High specific heat capacity D. Adhesion to mineral surfaces
Which property gives a long DNA molecule its capacity to encode many different messages? A. The fixed thickness of its backbone B. The variable order of its bases C. The identical charge on all phosphate groups D. The fact that each sugar contains five carbons
The structural formula of molecule M is shown. Which description best fits its structure? A. A steroid lipid that can diffuse through a phospholipid bilayer B. A triglyceride containing three long fatty-acid chains C. A water-soluble monosaccharide with a…
A person follows a diet containing no animal products. What must the diet supply for normal synthesis of body proteins? A. A sufficiently varied supply of all essential amino acids B. Only one amino acid, provided in excess C. More cholesterol than any…
Two pathways for the same reaction are shown. Which pair of labels is correctly interpreted? A. P: activation energy with catalyst; R: energy added by enzyme B. Q: activation energy with catalyst; R: energy released overall C. R: activation energy; P: energy…
When human muscle cells obtain ATP anaerobically through glycolysis and fermentation, which combination is correct? A. Ethanol produced in chloroplasts B. Lactate produced in the cytoplasm C. Carbon dioxide and water produced in the nucleus D. Lactate produced…
DNA fragments move through an agarose gel from the wells shown. Which deduction is supported? A. P travelled furthest and represents smaller DNA fragments than Q B. Q is positively charged and moves toward the negative electrode C. Q must have a lower…
Which statement correctly describes mutation with respect to an organism’s adaptive needs? A. Mutations always arise because the organism needs a particular trait B. Mutations occur only in reproductive cells C. Mutations are not directed towards producing the…
Which structure is present in both a typical bacterium and a typical animal cell? A. A chloroplast B. A membrane-bound nucleus C. A cellulose wall D. Ribosomes
Identify the labelled components of this membrane model. A. P: glycoprotein; Q: integral protein B. P: phospholipid; Q: free ribosome C. P: peripheral protein; Q: cholesterol D. P: nucleic acid; Q: carbohydrate chain
Which statement accurately describes stem-cell potential? A. An adult blood-forming stem cell is multipotent B. A two-cell-stage blastomere is restricted to blood cells C. Every adult skin stem cell is totipotent D. A pluripotent cell can form only one mature…
The axons shown are at the same temperature. Which is expected to conduct an action potential most slowly? A. P B. S C. Q D. R
Which event occurs during both mitosis and a complete meiotic division sequence? A. Homologous chromosomes pair as bivalents in every division B. Sister chromatids separate C. Crossing over is obligatory in mitosis D. Chromosome number doubles at each…
Two wild populations of a sexually reproducing amphibian differ in colour pattern. Which observation most strongly supports classifying them as the same species under the biological species concept? A. They live in neighbouring valleys B. They use the same…
Which sequence of events causes normal quiet inspiration? A. Diaphragm relaxation reduces thoracic volume and lowers pressure B. Diaphragm contraction increases thoracic volume and lowers alveolar pressure below atmospheric pressure C. Abdominal compression…
Which mechanism coordinates ordinary peristaltic waves along the intestine? A. Conscious contraction controlled by the motor cortex B. Involuntary coordination by the enteric nervous system C. Voluntary coordination by the spinal withdrawal reflex D. Conscious…
The model shows an interaction between immune cells, followed by formation of two cell types. What do labels P, Q and R represent? A. P: plasma cell; Q: glucose; R: helper T cell B. P: phagocyte; Q: antibody; R: red blood cell C. P: memory B cell; Q: lipid; R:…
Which illness is a zoonosis that can reach humans from an infected mammal? A. Phenylketonuria B. Coronary atherosclerosis C. Rabies D. Type 1 diabetes
Which event allows the maternal and paternal chromosomes to assemble on the first mitotic spindle after human fertilization? A. Both chromosome sets undergo a new meiotic division B. The pronuclear envelopes break down C. Paternal chromosomes are digested…
In a snapdragon cross, homozygous deep-red plants and homozygous white plants produce pink heterozygous offspring. Which explanation fits this observation? A. Complete dominance, because the offspring resemble one homozygote B. Incomplete dominance, because…
A healthy person’s core temperature falls below its regulated range. Which response increases heat production? A. Increased sweating B. Increased shivering C. Widening of skin arterioles D. Reduced skeletal-muscle activity
A shark and an ichthyosaur independently evolved streamlined bodies from ancestors with different body forms. Which interpretation best describes this similarity? A. Artificial selection producing homologous wings B. Divergent evolution producing homologous…
The schematic shows four climatic envelopes on temperature–precipitation axes. Which labelled envelope is most consistent with temperate forest? A. P B. Q C. R D. S
A unicellular Euglena culture fixes carbon in light but can also obtain organic nutrients from its surroundings. Which description covers both modes? A. Obligate carnivore only B. Obligate saprotroph only C. Obligate photoautotroph only D. Mixotroph
Certain gut bacteria receive nutrients and a habitat from a mammal while supplying vitamins that benefit the host. What is the relationship? A. Parasitism B. Mutualism C. Predation D. Competitive exclusion
At X the growth of a population begins to slow as it approaches a plateau. Which change could account for this density-dependent slowdown? A. A rise in the spread of disease among crowded individuals B. An unlimited new food supply C. Complete removal of…
Arrows in this food web point from food to consumer. How many animal species feed exclusively as primary consumers in the web shown? A. 5 B. 4 C. 6 D. 3
Which action is consistent with rewilding a damaged river catchment? A. Removing all native predators B. Reintroducing a native keystone species to restore ecological processes C. Maintaining every habitat as a small isolated enclosure D. Replacing native…
Which change would reduce long-term carbon storage by a wetland ecosystem? A. Rewetting drained peat B. Draining peat and clearing its vegetation C. Protecting the wetland from burning D. Restoring native peat-forming vegetation
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