Zadanie 6, Paper 2, maj 2022, TZ1, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2022, TZ1, pytanie 6. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
Plant energy capture and animal cell functions support life.
(a) Outline reasons for using stem cells therapeutically.
(b) Describe how leaf cells use light energy.
(c) Explain how cells and cell components in blood protect against infectious disease.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a) Stem cells can divide OR differentiate along different pathways. ✔
They can be obtained from sources such as bone marrow, adult tissues, embryos or umbilical blood. ✔
Their descendants can repair or replace damaged tissue. ✔
A valid specific example, such as restoration of blood-cell production using blood-forming stem cells. ✔
Stem-cell cultures can be used to test drugs. ✔
(b) Leaf cells contain chloroplasts. ✔
Chlorophyll absorbs light. ✔
Other pigments absorb additional wavelengths. ✔
Light supplies energy for photosynthesis. ✔
Carbon dioxide is fixed OR water and carbon dioxide are combined in photosynthetic synthesis. ✔
Organic/carbon compounds OR glucose, starch or other carbohydrates are produced. ✔
Red and blue light are absorbed strongly. ✔
Light energy supports splitting of water. ✔
(c) Platelets: vessel damage activates platelets. ✔
Platelets release clotting factors. ✔
A clotting cascade is initiated OR fibrinogen is converted to fibrin. ✔
Fibrin forms a mesh across the damaged region. ✔
The clot reduces entry of pathogens. ✔
Phagocytes: cells move to infected tissue. ✔
They can pass between capillary endothelial cells. ✔
They engulf pathogens. ✔
Ingested pathogens are digested. ✔
Lymphocytes: recognize particular antigens. ✔
Antibody-secreting cells release antibodies. ✔
Antibody binding provides antigen-specific protection. ✔
Memory cells enable a faster response to a previously encountered antigen. ✔
Antibodies help neutralize pathogens or mark them for destruction. ✔
Quality: the response is clear on first reading, concise and contains little repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part (a):any 3,maximum 3. Part (b):any 5,maximum 5. Part (c):any 7,maximum 7, with a maximum of 3 for each category: platelets, phagocytes, lymphocytes. Accept appropriate error-carried-forward terminology when “white blood cells” replaces a specific white-cell type and the biology is correct. Award 1 independent communication-quality mark. Total 16.
Umiejętności w zadaniu
- Long-lived memory and immunityĆwicz podobne
- Clonal expansion and plasma cell formationĆwicz podobne
- Adult stem cells and their nichesĆwicz podobne
- Light absorption by photosynthetic pigmentsĆwicz podobne
- Clot formation after tissue damageĆwicz podobne
- Self-renewal and differentiation of stem cellsĆwicz podobne
- Capturing light energy in organic compoundsĆwicz podobne
- Photosynthetic conversion of carbon dioxideĆwicz podobne
- Phagocyte movement and pathogen destructionĆwicz podobne
- Comparing innate and adaptive defencesĆwicz podobne