Zadanie 6, Paper 2, listopad 2023, TZ1, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, November 2023, TZ1, pytanie 6. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
(a) Outline how plants use atmospheric carbon to make triglyceride oils.
(b) Explain why glucose dissolves readily in water whereas triglyceride oils do not.
(c) Explain how a fat-rich diet could contribute to poor health.
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(a)
Photosynthesis incorporates carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. ✔
It produces glucose or other organic carbon compounds. ✔
Carbon from these compounds is used to synthesize fatty acids or lipids. ✔
A triglyceride contains three fatty acids linked to one glycerol. ✔
The links form by condensation reactions. ✔
A fatty-acid carboxyl group links to a glycerol hydroxyl group. ✔
Plant oils commonly contain unsaturated fatty-acid chains. ✔
(b)
Glucose is hydrophilic. ✔
Oils are hydrophobic. ✔
Glucose is polar whereas the hydrocarbon regions of oils are non-polar. ✔
Glucose can hydrogen-bond with water whereas oils do not form an extensive equivalent network. ✔
Oil molecules associate more favourably with each other than with water. ✔
Water is polar and attracts other polar substances. ✔
(c)
Depending on its composition, such a diet can provide high saturated-fat or trans-fat intake OR cholesterol. ✔
Lipid accumulation can contribute to deposits within arterial walls. ✔
An atherosclerotic plaque or atheroma develops. ✔
A disrupted plaque can trigger formation of a thrombus. ✔
A plaque or clot can obstruct an artery. ✔
Reduced flow limits oxygen supply OR glucose supply OR ATP production in downstream tissue. ✔
Coronary obstruction deprives heart muscle of oxygen OR weakens heart muscle OR can cause a heart attack. ✔
Atherosclerosis can reduce arterial elasticity. ✔
Reduced elasticity or narrowed vessels can contribute to high blood pressure. ✔
Sustained excess energy intake can cause obesity. ✔
Consequences can include greater risk of type 2 diabetes OR stroke OR some cancers OR joint injuries OR impaired capacity for exercise OR another scientifically verified risk. ✔
A poorly balanced diet can also displace required nutrients. ✔
Quality of communication: Clear on first reading, concise and without unnecessary repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part(a): award any 4 listed points, maximum 4. Part(b): award any 4 listed points, maximum 4. Part(c): award any 7 listed points, maximum 7. Award 1 independent communication mark across the retained response. Maximum 16. Annotated diagrams and scientifically equivalent wording may earn corresponding points.