Zadanie 6, Paper 2, maj 2024, TZ1, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2024, TZ1, pytanie 6. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
(a) Outline how lipids serve as energy reserves in humans.
(b) Describe how an oxygen concentration gradient is maintained between alveoli and blood.
(c) Explain why sunlight supports the energy supply of a photosynthetic ecosystem.
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(a)
Lipids are stored in adipose tissue or fat cells. ✔
They store energy compactly, requiring less space than an equivalent carbohydrate reserve. ✔
They act mainly as a long-term reserve. ✔
They are relatively difficult to transport; poor water solubility can explain this. ✔
They contain more energy per gram than carbohydrate or protein. ✔
Stored lipids can be mobilized for energy, particularly when other readily available reserves decline. ✔
(b)
Gas exchange occurs between alveoli and surrounding capillaries. ✔
The alveoli have a dense capillary network. ✔
Blood arriving at alveolar capillaries is relatively low in oxygen. ✔
Ventilation renews oxygen-rich air in the alveoli. ✔
Oxygen concentration is higher in alveolar air than in incoming blood. ✔
Oxygen diffuses down this gradient into blood. ✔
(c)
Photosynthetic organisms use sunlight. ✔
Chlorophyll or chloroplasts capture light energy. ✔
Light energy is converted into chemical energy. ✔
Inorganic reactants are used to synthesize organic compounds. ✔
Photosynthetic organisms act as producers. ✔
Primary consumers obtain energy by eating producers. ✔
Energy transfers through food chains and webs. ✔
Energy is lost at successive trophic transfers; respiration as heat is an acceptable example, not a required addition. ✔
Only a small fraction, often represented by an approximate 10% model, reaches the next trophic level. ✔
Energy flow is one-way rather than cyclic. ✔
Quality of communication: clear on first reading, concise and without unnecessary repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part (a): any 4 points, maximum 4. Part (b): any 4 points, maximum 4. Part (c): any 7 points, maximum 7. Award 1 independent communication mark. Maximum 16. Accept equivalent wording and relevant diagrams.