Zadanie 7a
Wzorowane na: Chemistry HL Paper 2, May 2022, TZ2, pytanie 7(a). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Darmowe konto pozwoli wrócić do niego później.
Informacja do zadań 7a-7d.
Acrylonitrile, CH2=CH−C≡N, is manufactured on a large scale from propene and ammonia.
Polecenie
(i) State why ammonia can act as a Lewis base.
(ii) Calculate the pH of a 2.50 × 10−2 mol dm−3 aqueous solution of ammonia. pKb = 4.75 at 298 K.
(iii) Justify whether a 1.0 dm3 solution made by mixing 0.30 mol NH3 with 0.10 mol HCl will be a buffer solution.
Sprawdź rozwiązanieUkryj rozwiązanieKlucz i punktacja
Odpowiedź z klucza
(i) it can donate a «non-bonding / lone» pair of electrons ✔
(ii) «Kb = 10−4.75 =» 1.78 × 10−5
OR
✔
«» 6.67 × 10−4 «mol dm−3» ✔
«pOH = −log(6.67 × 10⁻⁴) = 3.18» AND pH = «14.00 − 3.18 =» 10.8
OR
«» AND pH = 10.8 ✔
(iii) yes AND NH3 is in excess «0.20 mol of NH3 remain and 0.10 mol of NH4+ form», so the mixture contains a weak base and its conjugate acid ✔
Schemat punktowania
(i) [1]. (ii) M1: Kb value or expression; M2: [OH−] (approximation [NH3]eq ≈ 2.50 × 10−2 expected); M3: pH. Award [3] for a correct final answer (10.8). (iii) [1] for yes with a justification based on the weak base and its conjugate acid, or on the base being in excess.
Komentarz
Mixing 0.30 mol of weak base with 0.10 mol of strong acid leaves 0.20 mol of base and 0.10 mol of conjugate acid, a ratio of 2 : 1 that still works as a buffer.