Write equations for halogenoalkanes reacting with nucleophiles such as hydroxide ions, describe how the nucleophile donates an electron pair to form a new bond while the carbon-halogen bond breaks to release the leaving group, and show the electron-pair movement with curly arrows.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 15 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
1-Bromobutane, CH3CH2CH2CH2Br, is used as a solvent and as a building block for other organic compounds. (i) Predict the organic compound produced from 1-bromobutane and hydroxide ions. (ii) Deduce the type of reaction in (i) and give a reason for your…
Reactions of halogenoalkanes with hydroxide ions are an example of nucleophilic substitution. Deduce the equation, showing the movement of electrons with curly arrows, for the reaction of 1-chloropropane with aqueous potassium hydroxide.
Which of these reactions are nucleophilic substitutions? I. OH− + CH3CH2CH2Cl → CH3CH=CH2 + H2O + Cl− II. I− + CH3CH2Br → CH3CH2I + Br− III. CH3O− + CH3CH2Cl → CH3CH2OCH3 + Cl− A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I,…
Compound Y undergoes nucleophilic substitution with a hydroxide nucleophile. (i) Describe the movement of electron pairs during the reaction using curly arrows. (ii) Contrast homolytic and heterolytic fission of the C–Cl bond in compound Y. (iii) Explain,…
State what type of reaction this is.
Using curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs, sketch the mechanism of this reaction.
Which species is the electrophile in the reaction below? CH3CH2Cl + CN− → CH3CH2CN + Cl− A. CN− B. Cl− C. CH3CH2Cl D. CH3CH2CN
What is the organic product of the reaction of 2-bromobutane with aqueous potassium hydroxide? A. but-1-ene B. butan-1-ol C. butan-2-ol D. 2-bromobutan-2-ol
Butanone can be made by the oxidation of butan-2-ol. Butan-2-ol can be synthesised in two ways: from an alkene H by the addition of water, or from a halogenoalkane J by a substitution reaction with aqueous sodium hydroxide. Draw the structure of H and state…
1-Bromopropane can be converted into propan-1-ol. Identify a suitable reagent and the conditions needed for this conversion.
Bromoethane can be converted into ethanol: CH3CH2Br + HO− → CH3CH2OH + Br− (i) Identify the type of reaction. (ii) Outline what must be true of a collision between reacting particles for a reaction to occur. (iii) Carbon-halogen bonds are polar, which…
What is the main organic product when 1-bromopropane is heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution? A. propene B. propan-1-ol C. propanal D. propane
Which pair of reaction mechanisms is typical of the reaction of an alkene with bromine and of the reaction of bromoethane with aqueous sodium hydroxide, respectively? A. Electrophilic addition and electrophilic addition B. Electrophilic addition and…
Compound P can be synthesized by reacting 4,6-dichloroquinazoline with another reactant, B. (i) Deduce the structure of B. (ii) The reaction can be catalysed by copper(I) iodide, CuI. State the ground-state electron configuration of the Cu+ ion.…
The cyanide ion, CN−, acts as a nucleophile. With which compound is it most likely to react? A. 1-bromopropane B. Propene C. Benzene D. Propane
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