Heatmapa egzaminu IB

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter

Introduction to the particulate nature of matter

1. Elements, compounds and mixtures12zadań
2. Kinetic molecular theory and states of matter11zadań
3. Temperature and kinetic energy of particles3zadania

The nuclear atom

1. Isotopes and relative atomic mass19zadań
2. Nuclear symbols and subatomic particles19zadań

Electron configurations

1. Electron configurations of atoms and ions26zadań
2. Emission spectra and the electromagnetic spectrum10zadań
3. Hydrogen line spectrum and energy levels10zadań
4. Sublevels and the shapes of s and p orbitals10zadań
5. Main energy levels and electron capacity6zadań

Counting particles by mass: The mole

1. Molar mass and mole calculations40zadań
2. Molar concentration of solutions32zadania
3. Empirical and molecular formulas31zadań
4. Avogadro's law and molar volume of gases12zadań
5. The mole and the Avogadro constant12zadań
6. Relative atomic mass and relative formula mass5zadań

Ideal gases

1. Ideal gas equation and combined gas law21zadań
2. Gas laws: pressure, volume and temperature7zadań
3. Real gases and deviation from ideality5zadań
4. Assumptions of the ideal gas model1zadanie

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure

The ionic model

1. Ionic bonding and formulas of ionic compounds19zadań
2. Ionic lattices and their properties18zadań
3. Cations, anions and ion charges11zadań

The covalent model

1. Types of intermolecular forces32zadania
2. VSEPR theory and molecular shapes31zadań
3. Covalent bonds and Lewis formulas26zadań
4. Intermolecular forces and physical properties23zadania
5. Chromatography and Rf values13zadań
6. Covalent network solids and carbon allotropes13zadań
7. Bond order, bond length and bond strength10zadań
8. Molecular polarity and dipole moments10zadań
9. Bond polarity and electronegativity8zadań
10. Coordination bonds5zadań

The metallic model

1. Metallic bonding and properties of metals12zadań
2. Strength of metallic bonding and melting points8zadań

From models to materials

1. Addition polymers and repeating units13zadań
2. Position in the bonding triangle8zadań
3. Alloys and their properties7zadań
4. Polymers and properties of plastics3zadania
5. The bonding triangle: ionic, covalent, metallic3zadania

Structure 3. Classification of matter

The periodic table: Classification of elements

1. Periodic trends in atomic properties34zadania
2. Assigning oxidation states28zadań
3. Basic, amphoteric and acidic oxides21zadań
4. Periods, groups and blocks of the periodic table21zadań
5. Group 1 and group 17 reactivity trends10zadań
6. Periodic table position and electron configuration10zadań

Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds

1. Functional groups in organic compounds36zadań
2. IUPAC naming of organic compounds20zadań
3. Structural isomers19zadań
4. Homologous series and general formulas18zadań
5. Molecular, structural and skeletal formulas6zadań
6. Trends in boiling points of a homologous series5zadań

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?

Measuring enthalpy changes

1. Endothermic and exothermic reactions26zadań
2. Calorimetry: Q = mcΔT and enthalpy change25zadań
3. Energy profiles for exothermic and endothermic reactions19zadań
4. Heat, temperature and energy conservation4zadania

Energy cycles in reactions

1. Enthalpy change from bond enthalpies22zadania
2. Hess's law21zadań

Energy from fuels

1. Fossil fuels and CO2 emissions17zadań
2. Complete combustion equations9zadań
3. Biofuels and renewable energy8zadań
4. Hydrogen and methanol fuel cells4zadania
5. Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons3zadania

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?

How much? The amount of chemical change

1. Reacting masses, volumes and concentrations51zadań
2. Limiting reactant and theoretical yield28zadań
3. Writing and balancing chemical equations21zadań
4. Percentage yield calculations12zadań
5. Atom economy11zadań

How fast? The rate of chemical change

1. Factors affecting the rate of reaction29zadań
2. Activation energy and Maxwell-Boltzmann curves26zadań
3. Measuring and calculating rate of reaction23zadania
4. Catalysts and alternative reaction pathways22zadania
5. Collision theory9zadań

How far? The extent of chemical change

1. Le Chatelier's principle30zadań
2. Equilibrium law and the expression for K21zadań
3. Magnitude and temperature dependence of K13zadań
4. Dynamic equilibrium4zadania

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?

Proton transfer reactions

1. Strong and weak acids and bases27zadań
2. Neutralization reactions and salts24zadania
3. pH scale and hydrogen ion concentration22zadania
4. Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases15zadań
5. Conjugate acid-base pairs14zadań
6. Ionic product of water, Kw12zadań
7. Amphiprotic species3zadania
8. pH curves for strong acid and strong base2zadania

Electron transfer reactions

1. Oxidation, reduction and redox agents32zadania
2. Anode, cathode and electrode polarity29zadań
3. Electrolysis of molten salts22zadania
4. Primary (voltaic) cells20zadań
5. Half-equations and balancing redox equations19zadań
6. Oxidation of alcohols19zadań
7. Reactivity series of metals and halogens14zadań
8. Reactions of metals with acids6zadań
9. Reduction of carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones5zadań
10. Secondary (rechargeable) cells4zadania
11. Hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes3zadania

Electron sharing reactions

1. Homolytic fission and the initiation step12zadań
2. Radical substitution of alkanes with halogens10zadań
3. Radicals and unpaired electrons5zadań

Electron-pair sharing reactions

1. Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes16zadań
2. Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes15zadań
3. Nucleophiles6zadań
4. Electrophiles5zadań
5. Heterolytic fission and curly arrows3zadania

Skills in the study of chemistry

Tools and inquiry skills

1. Units, uncertainties and graphs60zadań
2. Experimental techniques and apparatus52zadania
3. Concluding and evaluating51zadań
4. Collecting and processing data26zadań
5. Exploring and designing investigations18zadań
6. Technology, databases and modelling2zadania