Heatmapa egzaminu IB

Structure 1. Models of the particulate nature of matter

Introduction to the particulate nature of matter

1. Elements, compounds and mixtures11zadań
2. Kinetic molecular theory and states of matter2zadania
3. Temperature and kinetic energy of particles1zadanie

The nuclear atom

1. Nuclear symbols and subatomic particles10zadań
2. Isotopes and relative atomic mass5zadań

Electron configurations

1. Electron configurations of atoms and ions8zadań
2. Hydrogen line spectrum and energy levels4zadania
3. Main energy levels and electron capacity3zadania
4. Sublevels and the shapes of s and p orbitals3zadania
5. Emission spectra and the electromagnetic spectrum2zadania

Counting particles by mass: The mole

1. Molar concentration of solutions20zadań
2. Molar mass and mole calculations10zadań
3. Empirical and molecular formulas9zadań
4. Avogadro's law and molar volume of gases6zadań
5. The mole and the Avogadro constant4zadania
6. Relative atomic mass and relative formula mass1zadanie

Ideal gases

1. Ideal gas equation and combined gas law6zadań
2. Gas laws: pressure, volume and temperature3zadania
3. Real gases and deviation from ideality2zadania
4. Assumptions of the ideal gas model0zadań

Structure 2. Models of bonding and structure

The ionic model

1. Ionic bonding and formulas of ionic compounds9zadań
2. Ionic lattices and their properties4zadania
3. Cations, anions and ion charges3zadania

The covalent model

1. Covalent bonds and Lewis formulas12zadań
2. Types of intermolecular forces8zadań
3. VSEPR theory and molecular shapes8zadań
4. Chromatography and Rf values7zadań
5. Intermolecular forces and physical properties7zadań
6. Coordination bonds4zadania
7. Bond order, bond length and bond strength3zadania
8. Covalent network solids and carbon allotropes3zadania
9. Molecular polarity and dipole moments3zadania
10. Bond polarity and electronegativity1zadanie

The metallic model

1. Metallic bonding and properties of metals5zadań
2. Strength of metallic bonding and melting points2zadania

From models to materials

1. Addition polymers and repeating units7zadań
2. Position in the bonding triangle5zadań
3. Polymers and properties of plastics2zadania
4. Alloys and their properties1zadanie
5. The bonding triangle: ionic, covalent, metallic1zadanie

Structure 3. Classification of matter

The periodic table: Classification of elements

1. Periodic trends in atomic properties12zadań
2. Assigning oxidation states8zadań
3. Periods, groups and blocks of the periodic table5zadań
4. Group 1 and group 17 reactivity trends4zadania
5. Basic, amphoteric and acidic oxides3zadania
6. Periodic table position and electron configuration2zadania

Functional groups: Classification of organic compounds

1. Functional groups in organic compounds9zadań
2. Structural isomers6zadań
3. IUPAC naming of organic compounds5zadań
4. Molecular, structural and skeletal formulas3zadania
5. Homologous series and general formulas2zadania
6. Trends in boiling points of a homologous series2zadania

Reactivity 1. What drives chemical reactions?

Measuring enthalpy changes

1. Calorimetry: Q = mcΔT and enthalpy change9zadań
2. Endothermic and exothermic reactions9zadań
3. Energy profiles for exothermic and endothermic reactions6zadań
4. Heat, temperature and energy conservation2zadania

Energy cycles in reactions

1. Enthalpy change from bond enthalpies10zadań
2. Hess's law2zadania

Energy from fuels

1. Biofuels and renewable energy3zadania
2. Complete combustion equations3zadania
3. Fossil fuels and CO2 emissions2zadania
4. Hydrogen and methanol fuel cells2zadania
5. Incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons0zadań

Reactivity 2. How much, how fast and how far?

How much? The amount of chemical change

1. Reacting masses, volumes and concentrations15zadań
2. Limiting reactant and theoretical yield12zadań
3. Writing and balancing chemical equations7zadań
4. Atom economy5zadań
5. Percentage yield calculations4zadania

How fast? The rate of chemical change

1. Activation energy and Maxwell-Boltzmann curves9zadań
2. Factors affecting the rate of reaction8zadań
3. Catalysts and alternative reaction pathways6zadań
4. Measuring and calculating rate of reaction6zadań
5. Collision theory3zadania

How far? The extent of chemical change

1. Le Chatelier's principle14zadań
2. Equilibrium law and the expression for K9zadań
3. Magnitude and temperature dependence of K5zadań
4. Dynamic equilibrium2zadania

Reactivity 3. What are the mechanisms of chemical change?

Proton transfer reactions

1. Neutralization reactions and salts6zadań
2. pH scale and hydrogen ion concentration6zadań
3. Strong and weak acids and bases6zadań
4. Brønsted-Lowry acids and bases4zadania
5. Ionic product of water, Kw4zadania
6. Conjugate acid-base pairs3zadania
7. Amphiprotic species1zadanie
8. pH curves for strong acid and strong base1zadanie

Electron transfer reactions

1. Oxidation, reduction and redox agents8zadań
2. Half-equations and balancing redox equations7zadań
3. Oxidation of alcohols7zadań
4. Anode, cathode and electrode polarity6zadań
5. Reactivity series of metals and halogens6zadań
6. Primary (voltaic) cells4zadania
7. Electrolysis of molten salts3zadania
8. Reactions of metals with acids3zadania
9. Reduction of carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones2zadania
10. Secondary (rechargeable) cells2zadania
11. Hydrogenation of alkenes and alkynes1zadanie

Electron sharing reactions

1. Homolytic fission and the initiation step8zadań
2. Radical substitution of alkanes with halogens4zadania
3. Radicals and unpaired electrons1zadanie

Electron-pair sharing reactions

1. Electrophilic addition reactions of alkenes5zadań
2. Nucleophilic substitution of halogenoalkanes4zadania
3. Electrophiles3zadania
4. Heterolytic fission and curly arrows3zadania
5. Nucleophiles1zadanie

Skills in the study of chemistry

Tools and inquiry skills

1. Experimental techniques and apparatus28zadań
2. Units, uncertainties and graphs23zadania
3. Concluding and evaluating16zadań
4. Exploring and designing investigations9zadań
5. Collecting and processing data4zadania
6. Technology, databases and modelling1zadanie