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Nitric acid can form hydrogen bonds with water. Annotate the structures below to show the formation of a hydrogen bond between a molecule of nitric acid and a molecule of water. Use a dotted line to represent the hydrogen bond.
Discuss the melting points in the table below in terms of the bonding and/or intermolecular forces present in each substance. Substance Melting point / K Silicon dioxide (quartz) 1986 Poly(propene) 433
Hydrogen fluoride boils at 20 °C, whereas hydrogen chloride boils at −85 °C. Which type of intermolecular force accounts for the much higher boiling point of hydrogen fluoride? A. Hydrogen bonding B. Dipole-dipole forces C. London (dispersion) forces D.…
4.81 g of sulfur was heated in a stream of chlorine gas until the reaction was complete. The mass of the chloride produced was 10.13 g. (i) Calculate how many atoms are present in this 4.81 g sample of sulfur. Use sections 2 and 7 of the data booklet. (ii)…
Deduce, giving a reason, which of the two dyes, orange or violet, is the more polar.
(i) Deduce the condensed electron configuration of chlorine. (ii) Describe the bonding in a molecule of chlorine in terms of valence electrons. (iii) Explain why chlorine has a much lower boiling point than bromine, although both exist as simple diatomic…
Which substance has dipole-dipole forces between its molecules? A. B. C. D.
The graph shows the boiling points of five straight-chain carboxylic acids and of the five methyl esters that have the same relative formula masses as the acids. (i) Outline why the carboxylic acids have higher boiling points than the esters with the same…