Zadanie 8, Paper 2, listopad 2024, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, November 2024, pytanie 8. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
(a) Describe how auxin produces a shoot’s directional growth response to light.
(b) Outline feedback interactions among hormones controlling ovarian and uterine cycles.
(c) Explain how the loop of Henle and ADH influence urine concentration.
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Pokaż rozwiązanieUkryj rozwiązanieKlucz i punktacja
Odpowiedź z klucza
(a)
Phototropism is a growth response to light direction OR positive phototropism is growth towards light. ✔
Auxin is produced at the shoot apex OR promotes cell elongation. ✔
Auxin efflux carriers establish concentration gradients. ✔
More auxin is transported to the shaded side of the shoot. ✔
Auxin can alter transcription or gene expression in stem cells. ✔
Elongation is greater on the shaded side. ✔
The shoot bends towards the light. ✔
(b)
FSH promotes oestradiol secretion OR stimulates follicles that secrete oestradiol. ✔
Oestradiol can inhibit FSH secretion. ✔
High sustained oestradiol near ovulation promotes LH release. ✔
LH promotes progesterone secretion OR formation of the progesterone-secreting corpus luteum. ✔
Progesterone inhibits LH or FSH release. ✔
Reduced gonadotropin support can reduce progesterone secretion. ✔
A fall in progesterone allows FSH to rise OR permits the next cycle to begin. ✔
(c)
The loop helps establish a high solute concentration in the kidney medulla. ✔
Sodium ions are actively transported out of the ascending limb. ✔
The descending limb allows water but not salts to pass OR water leaves its filtrate for the medulla. ✔
Filtrate reaching the distal tubule is relatively hypotonic to blood. ✔
Hypothalamic osmoreceptors detect increased blood solute concentration. ✔
The pituitary releases ADH in response. ✔
Blood carries ADH to the collecting ducts. ✔
ADH increases duct water permeability OR increases water reabsorption. ✔
More aquaporins are inserted into duct-cell membranes. ✔
The hypertonic medulla drives osmotic water reabsorption. ✔
A smaller volume of concentrated urine is produced. ✔
At lower blood solute concentration, reduced ADH allows more water to remain and dilute urine to form. ✔
Quality of communication: clear on first reading, concise and free from unnecessary repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part (a): any 4 distinct points, maximum 4. Part (b): any 4 distinct points, maximum 4. Part (c): any 7 distinct points, maximum 7. Award 1 independent communication mark. Maximum 16.
Umiejętności w zadaniu
- Shoot growth towards lateral illuminationĆwicz podobne
- ADH control of collecting-duct water recoveryĆwicz podobne
- Polar auxin transport between plant cellsĆwicz podobne
- Auxin-driven wall loosening and elongationĆwicz podobne
- The loop of Henle and the medullary gradientĆwicz podobne
- Hormonal coordination of the menstrual cycleĆwicz podobne