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A model tests bacterial survival after exposure to bacteriophages. Cells are tested as an intact surface community, a mechanically dispersed community or free cells. Error bars represent modelled ranges among replicate cultures. Identify the state most…
Bacteria are challenged with phages in intact or dispersed surface communities and as free cells. Error bars represent modelled ranges among replicate cultures. Suggest how properties of the surface communities could explain the survival pattern.
The model pedigree shows a fully penetrant condition caused by a dominant allele. Assume no new mutations. Which observation excludes X-linked dominant inheritance? A. Both sexes occur in the family B. Unaffected V-1 has two unaffected parents C. The affected…
Plant genomes can be modified to produce useful traits. Using one named example, outline an advantage of genetic modification in plants.
A researcher wants DNA representing both nuclear and mitochondrial parts of a person’s genome. Which material can supply both? A. Only the acrosome from a sperm cell B. The nucleus and mitochondria from a skin cell C. Only the cytoplasm of a mature red blood…
Biofilms have consequences for medicine and technology. Outline properties of biofilms.
Two homologous autosomes are compared at a particular locus. What do they normally carry at that position? A. Only alleles inherited from the father B. Necessarily the same new mutation C. Versions of the same gene, which may have different base sequences D.…
A hypothetical assay uses reverse-transcription PCR to distinguish HIV variants at two variable regions, R and S. Five primer pairs give the fragment sizes below. The all-variant product confirms viral material; a variant has one R and one S category. Lane1 is…
In a model inherited condition, NN individuals have no symptoms, NM individuals have a mild phenotype and MM individuals have a severe phenotype. Two NM parents already have one NN child and one NM child. What is the probability that their next child will have…
Assume this model condition is controlled by one gene, has complete penetrance and involves no new mutation. Where are the condition-causing alleles in affected individuals? A. Only on the Y chromosome B. Only on one X chromosome in every affected person C. On…