Zadanie 5, Paper 2, maj 2024, TZ2, Biologia IB SL
Wzorowane na: Biology SL Paper 2, May 2024, TZ2, pytanie 5. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
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Zadanie
Polecenie
(a) Outline the structure and properties of triglycerides.
(b) Explain how energy moves through a photosynthetic ecosystem.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a)
They are lipids OR are composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. ✔
One glycerol molecule is joined to three fatty acids. ✔
The links are formed through condensation reactions. ✔
The fatty acids may be saturated or unsaturated. ✔
Triglycerides are hydrophobic or poorly soluble in water OR soluble in non-polar solvents; alternatively, they may be solid or liquid at room temperature. ✔
They store a large amount of energy, more per gram than carbohydrates, or serve as long-term energy reserves. ✔
They conduct heat poorly and can provide thermal insulation. ✔
(b)
Energy follows a one-way route rather than being recycled. ✔
Producers carry out photosynthesis OR sunlight is the source of energy OR light is converted into chemical energy. ✔
Feeding transfers chemical energy along trophic levels. ✔
Respiration releases energy from organic compounds. ✔
Energy is lost as heat, or remains in excreted, uneaten or dead material rather than reaching the next feeding level. ✔
Only a small fraction, or approximately 10% in a simplified model, passes to the next trophic level. ✔
Energy losses restrict food-chain length. ✔
Quality of communication: clear on first reading, concise and without unnecessary repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part (a): any 4 points, maximum 4. Part (b): any 4 points, maximum 4. Award 1 independent communication mark. Maximum 9. Accept equivalent wording and relevant diagrams. Part (a): maximum 3 if only structure is addressed. Source part (c) is excluded; the independent communication mark is retained.