Proton NMR splitting patterns

Use the n+1 rule to interpret singlets, doublets, triplets and quartets in a 1H NMR spectrum, deduce how many hydrogens sit on neighbouring carbons, and combine this with shifts and integration to pin down a structure.

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Zadanie 3cPaper 2, listopad 2025, TZ1
wzorowane11 pktotwartetrudne (szac.)

(i) Concentrated sulfuric acid, HX2SOX4\ce{H2SO4}, is used as the catalyst in the manufacture of propyl ethanoate. Explain how the catalyst affects the reaction. (ii) The conversion of propane into 1-bromopropane, CX3HX8(g)+BrX2(g)CHX3CHX2CHX2Br(g)+HBr(g)\ce{C3H8(g) + Br2(g) -> CH3CH2CH2Br(g) + HBr(g)}

Zadanie 4cPaper 2, listopad 2025, TZ3
wzorowane9 pktotwartetrudne (szac.)

Iodoethane can react with aqueous hydroxide ions to produce ethanol. CHX3CHX2I(l)+OHX(aq)CHX3CHX2OH(aq)+IX(aq)\ce{CH3CH2I(l) + OH-(aq) -> CH3CH2OH(aq) + I-(aq)} (i) State what type of reaction this is. (ii) Using curly arrows to show the movement of electron pairs, sketch the mechanism of this…

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