Zadanie 7, Paper 2, listopad 2023, TZ2, Biologia IB HL
Wzorowane na: Biology HL Paper 2, November 2023, TZ2, pytanie 7. Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.
Darmowe konto pozwoli wrócić do niego później.
Zadanie
Polecenie
(a) Describe how populations in an ecological community depend on one another for energy supplies.
(b) Explain the endosymbiotic origin of organelles in plant cells.
(c) Analyse how a flowering plant and its animal pollinator benefit from their interaction.
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Odpowiedź z klucza
(a)
Producers supply energy ultimately used by consumers. ✔
Photosynthetic autotrophs convert light energy to chemical energy. ✔
Energy passes along food chains and food webs. ✔
A valid three-organism food chain with arrows for energy flow illustrates this dependence. ✔
Heterotrophs obtain energy in organic compounds from other organisms. ✔
Consumers ingest food or digest it internally. ✔
Primary consumers feed on producers. ✔
Secondary consumers feed on primary consumers OR predators feed on prey. ✔
Detritivores ingest dead organic matter. ✔
Saprotrophs use dead organic matter produced by other organisms. ✔
Saprotrophs release enzymes for external digestion. ✔
Energy is not recycled OR is lost as heat through respiration or transfers between trophic levels. ✔
(b)
A host cell engulfed a bacterium. ✔
Engulfment occurred by endocytosis or phagocytosis. ✔
The ingested cell was not digested. ✔
The association benefited both partners OR a valid benefit is described. ✔
An aerobic bacterium was incorporated into an ancestral host. ✔
It evolved into a mitochondrion. ✔
A photosynthetic bacterium OR cyanobacterium was incorporated into a host cell. ✔
It evolved into a chloroplast. ✔
Evidence includes organelle double membranes, circular DNA,70 S ribosomes or replication from pre-existing organelles. ✔
(c)
It is mutualistic. ✔
The animal transfers pollen from anther to stigma OR between plants. ✔
Cross-pollination can increase genetic diversity. ✔
The pollinator obtains nectar or pollen. ✔
The plant gains a greater chance of successful pollen transfer. ✔
Pollination enables fertilization, sexual reproduction or seed production. ✔
Quality of communication: Clear on first reading, concise and without unnecessary repetition or irrelevant material. ✔
Schemat punktowania
Part(a): award any 7 listed points, maximum 7. Part(b): award any 5 listed points, maximum 5. Part(c): award any 3 listed points, maximum 3. Award 1 independent communication mark across the complete response. Maximum 16. Equivalent scientifically correct statements and clearly annotated diagrams are acceptable.