Recognise the characteristic properties of transition elements that follow from incomplete d sublevels: variable oxidation states, high melting points, magnetic behaviour, catalytic activity, coloured compounds and complex ion formation with ligands.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 18 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
(i) Iron, Fe, is a transition element. State two properties typical of transition elements that iron shows, other than the formation of coloured compounds. (ii) Explain why aqueous solutions containing the hexaaquacopper(II) ion, [Cu(H2O)6]2+,…
Explain the origin of the colours of the nickel complexes.
The complex ion [Zn(H2O)6]2+ is colourless, but the complex ion [Cu(H2O)6]2+ is blue. Which option gives a correct reason for the zinc complex and the electron configuration of the copper(II) ion? A. Light is absorbed when an electron is…
Which properties are typical of transition elements? I. Catalytic activity II. Formation of complex ions with ligands III. A single oxidation state in all their compounds A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
Anhydrous nickel(II) chloride is yellow, whereas magnesium chloride is white. (i) State nickel's condensed electron configuration. (ii) In terms of electron configuration, state why nickel(II) chloride is a coloured compound. (iii) Nickel(II) chloride absorbs…
Which ion is likely to form a coloured aqueous solution, based on its electron configuration? A. Ag+ B. Ti4+ C. Cd2+ D. Cr3+
Explain the colour of Co2+(aq) in terms of its electronic structure, using section 15 of the data booklet.
(i) Deduce the nuclear symbol, ZAX, of the chromium-52 ion that contains 21 electrons. (ii) Complete the orbital diagram of this ion by drawing an arrow for each electron. (iii) Predict whether this ion is paramagnetic or diamagnetic and…
Iron(III) ions catalyse the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide but zinc ions do not. Outline why.
Which electron configuration is that of a transition element atom in its ground state? A. [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1 B. [Ar] 3d10 4s2 C. [Ar] 3d6 D. [Ar] 3d8 4s2
Which ion has an incomplete d sub-level? A. Cu2+ B. Zn2+ C. Ca2+ D. Sc3+
A colorimeter is set to a wavelength of 550 nm. Explain why it cannot be used to follow reactions of compounds of Sc3+. Use section 5 of the data booklet.
Manganese, unlike aluminium, is a transition element. (i) Deduce, from the electron configuration of the Mn2+ ion, why manganese is classified as a transition element. (ii) The first four ionization energies of aluminium and manganese are shown. One…
Like aluminium chloride, iron(III) chloride forms dimers in the vapour phase. Iron, however, is a transition element and aluminium is not. (i) Outline, in terms of its electronic structure, what identifies a transition element. (ii) The graph shows the first…
Al(OH)2+ is a complex ion, yet aluminium is not classed as a transition metal. Contrast aluminium with chromium, Cr, for one characteristic chemical property of transition metals, apart from the formation of complex ions. Property: Comparison:
Which of the following ions are expected to be paramagnetic? I. V3+ II. Mn2+ III. Cu+ A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
Explain why the complex ion [Cu(NH3)4]2+ is coloured.
Outline the magnetic properties of nickel by referring to its electron configuration.
Zapisujemy na Twoim urządzeniu to, bez czego serwis nie działa, np. zalogowanie. Plików analitycznych użyjemy tylko za Twoją zgodą. Szczegóły w polityce prywatności.