Entropy and standard entropy change

Explain entropy as the dispersal of matter and energy, predict whether a change increases or decreases entropy from states of matter and numbers of gas molecules, and calculate the standard entropy change ΔS from standard entropy values in the data booklet.

Zadania sprawdzające tę umiejętność: 7 Otwórz w wyszukiwarce z filtrami
Zadanie 22Paper 1A, maj 2026
wzorowane1 pktzamknięteśrednie (szac.)

In which reaction will there be a decrease in entropy? A. NHX4NOX3(s)NHX4NOX3(aq)\ce{NH4NO3(s) -> NH4NO3(aq)} B. CaCOX3(s)CaO(s)+COX2(g)\ce{CaCO3(s) -> CaO(s) + CO2(g)} C. 2HX2(g)+OX2(g)2HX2O(l)\ce{2H2(g) + O2(g) -> 2H2O(l)} D. Zn(s)+CuSOX4(aq)ZnSOX4(aq)+Cu(s)\ce{Zn(s) + CuSO4(aq) -> ZnSO4(aq) + Cu(s)}

Zadanie 21Paper 1A, maj 2025, TZ2
wzorowane1 pktzamkniętełatwe (szac.)

Which change results in a decrease in entropy? A. 2NaHCOX3(s)NaX2COX3(s)+HX2O(g)+COX2(g)\ce{2NaHCO3(s) -> Na2CO3(s) + H2O(g) + CO2(g)} B. IX2(s)IX2(g)\ce{I2(s) -> I2(g)} C. CO(g)+2HX2(g)CHX3OH(l)\ce{CO(g) + 2H2(g) -> CH3OH(l)} D. KNOX3(s)KNOX3(aq)\ce{KNO3(s) -> KNO3(aq)}

Zadanie 23Paper 1A, maj 2025, TZ3
wzorowane1 pktzamkniętełatwe (szac.)

For which of these changes is ΔS\Delta S negative? A. 2SOX2(g)+OX2(g)2SOX3(g)\ce{2SO2(g) + O2(g) -> 2SO3(g)} B. NaNOX3(s)NaNOX3(aq)\ce{NaNO3(s) -> NaNO3(aq)} C. Zn(s)+2HCl(aq)ZnClX2(aq)+HX2(g)\ce{Zn(s) + 2HCl(aq) -> ZnCl2(aq) + H2(g)} D. CuCOX3(s)CuO(s)+COX2(g)\ce{CuCO3(s) -> CuO(s) + CO2(g)}

Zadanie 25Paper 1A, maj 2025, TZ1
wzorowane1 pktzamkniętełatwe (szac.)

Which reaction has the largest positive entropy change? A. 2SOX2(g)+OX2(g)2SOX3(g)\ce{2SO2(g) + O2(g) -> 2SO3(g)} B. NHX4Cl(s)NHX3(g)+HCl(g)\ce{NH4Cl(s) -> NH3(g) + HCl(g)} C. HX2(g)+ClX2(g)2HCl(g)\ce{H2(g) + Cl2(g) -> 2HCl(g)} D. NaOH(aq)+HCl(aq)NaCl(aq)+HX2O(l)\ce{NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) -> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)}

Zadanie 4bPaper 2, listopad 2025, TZ3
wzorowane7 pktobliczeniowetrudne (szac.)

(i) Using section 12 of the data booklet, determine the standard enthalpy change of the reaction, in kJmol1\mathrm{kJ\,mol^{-1}}. (ii) A value obtained from bond enthalpies is less accurate than one obtained from enthalpies of formation. State two reasons why.…

Zadanie 24Paper 1A, listopad 2025, TZ1
wzorowane1 pktzamknięteśrednie (szac.)

Which reaction is expected to have the largest decrease in entropy? A. 2HX2S(g)+SOX2(g)3S(s)+2HX2O(l)\ce{2H2S(g) + SO2(g) -> 3S(s) + 2H2O(l)} B. 2CX4HX10(g)+13OX2(g)8COX2(g)+10HX2O(l)\ce{2C4H10(g) + 13O2(g) -> 8CO2(g) + 10H2O(l)} C. 4NHX3(g)+5OX2(g)4NO(g)+6HX2O(g)\ce{4NH3(g) + 5O2(g) -> 4NO(g) + 6H2O(g)} D. 2CO(g)+OX2(g)2COX2(g)\ce{2CO(g) + O2(g) -> 2CO2(g)}

Zadanie 5dPaper 2, specimen 2025
wzorowane9 pktobliczeniowetrudne (szac.)

Pentadecane can be cracked into smaller molecules. Consider the reaction: CX15HX32(g)3CX4HX8(g)+CX3HX8(g)\ce{C15H32(g) -> 3C4H8(g) + C3H8(g)} where CX4HX8\ce{C4H8} is but-1-ene. (i) Use the bond enthalpies in section 12 of the data booklet to determine ΔH\Delta H^\ominus for this reaction.…

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