Zadanie 4a

7 pktobliczeniowetrudne (szac.)Paper 2, listopad 2023, TZ1

Wzorowane na: Chemistry HL Paper 2, November 2023, TZ1, pytanie 4(a). Treść, dane i kontekst są zmienione; sprawdzane umiejętności, format i punktacja jak w oryginale.

Darmowe konto pozwoli wrócić do niego później.

Informacja do zadań 4a-4c.

Carbonyl sulfide, COS, reacts with steam in a gas phase hydrolysis according to the overall equation

COS(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2S(g)

Polecenie

(i) Calculate the enthalpy change of this reaction using section 13 of the data booklet together with the values given below:

COS(g)H2S(g)
ΔHf⊖ / kJ mol−1−142−21

(ii) Outline why the entropy change of this reaction is expected to be small.

(iii) Ignoring any entropy change, estimate the equilibrium constant, Kc, at 500 K from your answer to (i), using sections 1 and 2 of the data booklet.

(If you could not obtain an answer to (i), use −45.0 kJ mol−1; this is not the correct value.)

(iv) The equilibrium concentrations are:

COS(g)H2O(g)CO2(g)H2S(g)
0.0200 mol dm−30.0500 mol dm−3x mol dm−3x mol dm−3

Using your answer to (iii), calculate the value of x, the equilibrium concentration of carbon dioxide.

(If you could not obtain an answer to (iii), use 5.05 × 104; this is not the correct value.)

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Odpowiedź z klucza

(i) ∑ΔHf⊖\sum \Delta H_\mathrm{f}^\ominus(reactants) «= −142 + (−242)» = −384 «kJ mol−1» AND ∑ΔHf⊖\sum \Delta H_\mathrm{f}^\ominus(products) «= −394 + (−21)» = −415 «kJ mol−1» ✔

«ΔH⊖ = −415 − (−384)» = −31 «kJ mol−1» ✔

(ii) the number of moles of gas is the same on both sides of the equation «two on each side» ✔

(iii) «ΔG⊖ = ΔH⊖ − TΔS⊖ ≈ ΔH⊖» = −31 «kJ mol−1»

«ln⁡Kc=−ΔG⊖RT=31 000 J mol−18.31 J K−1 mol−1×500 K\ln K_\mathrm{c} = -\dfrac{\Delta G^\ominus}{RT} = \dfrac{31\,000\ \mathrm{J\,mol^{-1}}}{8.31\ \mathrm{J\,K^{-1}\,mol^{-1}} \times 500\ \mathrm{K}}» = 7.46 ✔

Kc = 1.74 × 103 ✔

(iv) Kc=[COX2][HX2S][COS][HX2O]K_\mathrm{c} = \dfrac{[\ce{CO2}][\ce{H2S}]}{[\ce{COS}][\ce{H2O}]} «1.74×103=x×x0.0200×0.0500=x21.00×10−31.74 \times 10^3 = \dfrac{x \times x}{0.0200 \times 0.0500} = \dfrac{x^2}{1.00 \times 10^{-3}}» ✔

x «=1.74= \sqrt{1.74}» = 1.32 «mol dm−3» ✔

Schemat punktowania

(i) Award [2] for a correct final answer. Award [1] for +13 «kJ mol−1», obtained with −286 kJ mol−1 for liquid water instead of −242 for steam. (ii) [1]. (iii) Award [2] for a correct final answer; using −45.0 kJ mol−1 gives Kc = 5.05 × 104; ECF from +13 kJ mol−1 gives Kc = 4.38 × 10−2. (iv) Award [2] for a correct final answer; using 5.05 × 104 gives x = 7.11; ECF from Kc = 4.38 × 10−2 gives x = 6.62 × 10−3.

Komentarz

Using the equilibrium expression for the equation as written (not inverted) is the usual place where marks are lost in (iv).

Umiejętności w zadaniu