Solve equilibrium problems with an initial-change-equilibrium (ICE) table: find K from equilibrium concentrations, or find equilibrium concentrations from K and initial amounts, including cases that need a quadratic or a small-x approximation.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 12 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2025.
The cyanide ion acts as a ligand in many complex ions, for example hexacyanoferrate(III), [Fe(CN)6]3−. (i) State the type of bond, as precisely as possible, that joins each cyanide ion to the iron ion. (ii) Deduce the oxidation state of iron in…
A sample of 0.0120 mol of NO2 was sealed in a vessel of volume 1.00 dm3 and kept at 10.0 °C until equilibrium was established. At equilibrium, 0.00860 mol of NO2 remained in the vessel. Using the expression below, determine K for…
By the time equilibrium was reached, the vessel held 1.7 mol of H2(g). Calculate the equilibrium amounts, in mol, of the three remaining gases, then use them to calculate K.
Nitrogen reacts with hydrogen to form ammonia. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇌ 2 NH3(g) A mixture of 1.50 mol of N2(g) and 4.20 mol of H2(g) was placed in a 1.00 dm3 container at a certain temperature. At equilibrium the mixture contained…
The equilibrium constant, Kc, for the reaction in (f) is 6.4 × 10−5 at 80 °C. (i) 1.00 dm3 of a mixture that is initially 0.20 mol dm−3 in octadecanoic acid and 0.20 mol dm−3 in butan-2-ol is…
The equation for a reaction between gases X and Y is: 2 X(g) + Y(g) ⇌ 2 Z(g) At equilibrium at 700 K the concentrations of X, Y and Z are 0.50 mol dm−3, 0.40 mol dm−3 and 1.0 mol dm−3 respectively.…
At 298 K, Kc has the numerical value 1.50 × 10−3. Calculate the value of the ratio in a solution in which [Cl−] is 6.00 mol dm−3.
Ethanoic acid acts as a weak monoprotic acid in aqueous solution. At 298 K its acid dissociation constant is Ka = 1.74 × 10−5 mol dm−3. (i) 2.00 dm3 of an ethanoic acid solution was prepared. A 25.0 cm3…
(i) Calculate the enthalpy change of this reaction using section 13 of the data booklet together with the values given below: (ii) Outline why the entropy change of this reaction is expected to be small. (iii) Ignoring any entropy change, estimate the…
(i) Calculate the enthalpy change for this reaction, using section 13 of the data booklet and the values given below. (ii) Outline why the entropy change of this reaction is expected to be small. (iii) Ignore the entropy change. Use your answer to (i) together…
The following equilibrium is established at a certain temperature. At equilibrium, [N2] = 0.40 mol dm−3 and [O2] = 0.10 mol dm−3. What is the…
A closed flask is filled with 1.0 mol of carbon monoxide and 1.0 mol of steam, and the mixture reaches equilibrium according to the equation below. CO(g) + H2O(g) ⇌ CO2(g) + H2(g) At equilibrium the flask holds 0.75 mol of CO2. What is…
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