Explain that particles react only when they collide with enough energy and the right orientation, relate the average kinetic energy of particles to temperature in kelvin, and describe how collision geometry affects the chance of a successful collision.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 9 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2025.
In moist air carbonyl dibromide is slowly hydrolyzed: Br2CO(g) + H2O(g) → CO2(g) + 2 HBr(g) (i) Suggest a method of monitoring the progress of this reaction at constant temperature so that its rate can be determined. (ii) Outline two reasons why a…
Compound Y undergoes nucleophilic substitution with a hydroxide nucleophile. (i) Describe the movement of electron pairs during the reaction using curly arrows. (ii) Contrast homolytic and heterolytic fission of the C–Cl bond in compound Y. (iii) Explain,…
The rate of the reaction between hydrogen and iodine vapour increases markedly when the temperature is raised from 500 K to 550 K. What is the main reason for this increase? A. The activation energy of the reaction is lowered. B. Molecules collide more…
The student hypothesized, from theory, that doubling the mass of CuO would double the rate of the catalysed reaction. (i) Suggest why it is important to state a hypothesis before an experiment is carried out. (ii) Explain how collision theory could…
The concentration of hydrogen peroxide in a reaction mixture was followed for 600 s and the results are plotted in the graph. (i) Determine the instantaneous rate of the reaction, to two significant figures, when [H2O2] = 0.160 mol dm−3.…
Explain why a higher temperature speeds up this reaction, with the help of annotations that you add to the Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution below, which is drawn for a temperature T1.
Two gases react very slowly even at 900 K and a high pressure. Which best explains the low rate of reaction? A. The frequency of collisions between the molecules is low B. A high fraction of the collisions has the correct orientation C. The reaction is…
Bromoethane can be converted into ethanol: CH3CH2Br + HO− → CH3CH2OH + Br− (i) Identify the type of reaction. (ii) Outline what must be true of a collision between reacting particles for a reaction to occur. (iii) Carbon-halogen bonds are polar, which…
Why does a powdered solid react faster with a dilute acid, at the same temperature, than a single lump of the same mass of the solid? A. Collisions between particles are more frequent. B. Collisions between particles are more energetic. C. The activation…
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