Electron sharing reactions

Pentane reacts with bromine, $\ce{Br2}$, to form 2-bromopentane. (i) Explain, using equations, the initiation step and two propagation steps for this reaction. (ii) State one termination step for this reaction.

Suppose carbonyl dibromide were made by a free-radical chain reaction of carbon monoxide, $\ce{CO}$, with bromine vapour, $\ce{Br2}$, started by ultraviolet light. The questions below treat this hypothetical route with the bond-enthalpy model. (i) Write an…

Compound Y undergoes nucleophilic substitution with a hydroxide nucleophile. (i) Describe the movement of electron pairs during the reaction using curly arrows. (ii) Contrast homolytic and heterolytic fission of the C–Cl bond in compound Y. (iii) Explain,…

Which equation represents a propagation step in the radical substitution of ethane by bromine? A. $\ce{Br2 -> 2Br•}$ B. $\ce{•C2H5 + Br• -> C2H5Br}$ C. $\ce{C2H6 + Br• -> C2H5Br + H•}$ D. $\ce{•C2H5 + Br2 -> C2H5Br + Br•}$

(i) Oil of vitriol, spirit of hartshorn and wood alcohol are old trivial names still occasionally used for chemical substances, and names like these can be a source of confusion in international scientific communication. Outline how the modern system of naming…

Chlorinated solvents such as tetrachloromethane, $\ce{CCl4}$, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane, $\ce{CH3CCl3}$, were once common in laboratories, but their production is now restricted by an international agreement. Besides climate change, state the specific…

Which radical is most likely to form when one covalent bond in bromochlorodifluoromethane, $\ce{CBrClF2}$, is broken by ultraviolet light in the upper atmosphere? A. •$\ce{CBrF2}$ B. •$\ce{CClF2}$ C. •$\ce{CBrClF}$ D. •$\ce{CBrClF2}$

(i) Write an equation for the homolytic fission of a bromine molecule under UV light, using curly arrows to show the movement of electrons. (ii) Under different conditions a bromine molecule can undergo heterolytic fission. Write an equation for this process,…

Methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of ultraviolet light. Two observations about this reaction are listed. - Observation 1: in the initiation step, $\ce{Cl-Cl}$ bonds undergo homolytic fission but $\ce{C-H}$ bonds do not. - Observation 2: the…