Zadanie 1a
Calculate the percentage by mass of nitrogen in ammonium chloride. Use section 7 of the data booklet.
Chemistry SL Paper 2, November 2022
Zadania wzorowane na pytaniach z tego arkusza: te same umiejętności, format i punktacja, inne dane i kontekst. Treści arkusza IB nie publikujemy.
Dodaj cały arkusz do zestawuZadanie 1b
State, with a reason, whether the ammonium ion acts as a Brønsted–Lowry acid or base when it reacts with water to form ammonia.
Zadanie 1c
Ammonium carbonate, (NH4)2CO3, is another ammonium salt; it is used in smelling salts and as a raising agent in baking. Deduce the Lewis (electron dot) structure of the carbonate ion, CO32−.
Zadanie 1d
A 0.50 mol dm−3 solution of ammonium chloride has [H3O+] = 1.68 × 10−5 mol dm−3. Calculate the pH of the solution. Use section 1 of the data booklet.
Zadanie 1e
A student investigates the dissolution of ammonium chloride in water as the basis of an instant cold pack, in which solid ammonium chloride is kept apart from water by a thin membrane. The enthalpy change when one mole of solid ammonium chloride dissolves in…
Zadanie 1f
Solid ammonium chloride decomposes when heated to form two gases, ammonia and hydrogen chloride. (i) Write the chemical equation for this decomposition. (ii) Calculate the volume of ammonia produced at STP when an 8.00 g sample of ammonium chloride decomposes.…
Zadanie 2a
Compound P contains two amino groups outside the ring system: one bonded directly to the ring and one at the end of the side chain. State which of these is a secondary amino group, giving a reason.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2c
Compare, giving a reason, the length of a carbon–nitrogen bond within the quinazoline ring system with the length of a carbon–nitrogen bond in the diethylamino group.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2d
The N–H bonds in compound P and the O–H bonds in water are both polar. State, giving a reason, whether nitrogen or oxygen is the more electronegative element.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 2e
Compound P can be synthesized by reacting 4,6-dichloroquinazoline with another reactant, B. (i) Deduce the structure of B. (ii) The reaction can be catalysed by copper(I) iodide, CuI. State the ground-state electron configuration of the Cu+ ion.…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 3a
State the ground-state electron configuration for Ni2+.
Zadanie 3b
Silver occurs as two stable isotopes. Their masses and abundances are given in the table. Show how a relative atomic mass of silver of 107.96 can be obtained from these data.
- Tabela do uzupełnienia
Zadanie 3c
The diagram shows an unlabelled voltaic cell for the reaction: Ni(s) + 2 Ag+(aq) → Ni2+(aq) + 2 Ag(s) (i) Identify, using species from the equation, what W, X, Y and Z are, and state the direction of electron flow in the external circuit. (ii) Write the…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4a
(i) Deduce the structural formula and the empirical formula of B. (ii) Explain, with reference to Le Châtelier’s principle, the effect on the yield of B of using dilute rather than concentrated sulfuric acid as the catalyst. (iii) Compound A has a lower molar…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 4b
Bromine water is added to compound A. Describe the change observed.
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 5a
A sample of coal contains 1.20 % sulfur by mass. Calculate the amount, in mol, of sulfur dioxide produced when 400.0 g of this coal undergoes complete combustion. S(s) + O2(g) → SO2(g)
Zadanie 5b
Some of the sulfur dioxide released is oxidized in the atmosphere to sulfur trioxide, SO3. Write an equation that shows how sulfur trioxide produces acid rain.
Zadanie 5c
A student compares the rate of the reaction between magnesium ribbon and dilute hydrochloric acid at different temperatures by timing how long it takes for a piece of ribbon to dissolve completely. Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) Suggest two…
Zadanie 5d
Coal-fired power stations release carbon dioxide and sulfur oxides. Discuss two different measures that could reduce the environmental impact of generating electricity from coal.