Chemistry SL Paper 2, May 2025, TZ1

Tin and iodine are elements, whereas tin(IV) iodide is a compound. Describe, with reference to these three substances, how an element differs from a compound.

Outline why solid tin(IV) iodide is classified as a polar covalent compound. Use sections 9 and 17 of the data booklet.

A student proposed that, because tin(IV) iodide might be ionic, electrolysing the molten compound with inert electrodes should regenerate tin and iodine. (i) Label the diagram of the electrolytic cell to show which electrode is the anode and which is the…

Deduce the electron configuration of the $\ce{Fe^3+}$ ion.

When potassium thiocyanate solution is added to a pale yellow solution containing iron(III) ions, the following equilibrium is established. $\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^3+(aq) + SCN^-(aq) <=> [Fe(SCN)(H2O)5]^2+(aq) + H2O(l)}$ $\ce{[Fe(H2O)6]^3+(aq)}$ is pale yellow and…

Write an equation for the reaction, including state symbols.

Deduce which reactant is limiting. Use sections 1, 4 and 7 of the data booklet.

Calculate the volume, in $\mathrm{dm^3}$ at STP, of the gas produced. Use section 2 of the data booklet.

The rate of the reaction can be followed by measuring the volume of carbon dioxide collected as time passes. The graph shows the results obtained at 20 °C. Sketch, on the same axes, the curve you would expect if the experiment were repeated with the acid at a…

In the first step, manganese(III) ions formed from the manganate(VII) are complexed by ethanedioate ions. $\ce{[Mn(H2O)6]^3+(aq) + 2C2O4^2-(aq) -> [Mn(C2O4)2(H2O)2]^-(aq) + 4H2O(l)}$ (i) Adding a small amount of manganese(II) sulfate, $\ce{MnSO4(s)}$, at the…

Both ionic and covalent bonding are present in sodium ethanedioate, $\ce{Na2C2O4}$. (i) Describe the two types of bonding. Ionic bonding: Covalent bonding: (ii) Deduce a Lewis formula of the ethanedioate ion, $\ce{C2O4^2-}$. (iii) State the geometry of the…

When 3.71 g of Z was burned completely in excess oxygen, 8.81 g of carbon dioxide and 4.51 g of water were collected. Determine the empirical formula of Z. Use sections 1 and 7 of the data booklet.

A second sample of Z was converted completely into vapour at a known temperature and pressure. (i) 0.148 g of the vapour occupied 63.7 $\mathrm{cm^3}$ at 110 °C and a pressure of $1.00 \times 10^{5}$ Pa. Calculate the amount, in mol, of Z in this sample. Use…

The displayed formula below shows part of the chain of an addition polymer. (i) Deduce the structural formula of the monomer used to build this polymer. (ii) Describe one chemical property responsible for this type of polymer being a useful material.

The compound X shown below occurs naturally in cocoa and coffee and is used as a flavouring agent. (i) State the name of the functional group found in compound X. (ii) Deduce the IUPAC name of X. (iii) Draw a structural isomer of X taken from a different…

But-2-ene and other alkenes serve as starting materials for a wide range of compounds. (i) Predict the product formed when but-2-ene reacts with bromine. (ii) Outline why but-2-ene, unlike butane, readily undergoes this type of reaction. (iii) State the…

Propene reacts with bromine to produce 1,2-dibromopropane. $\ce{CH3CH=CH2(g) + Br2(g) -> CH3CHBrCH2Br(g)}$ Calculate the enthalpy, in kJ, of the reaction using section 12 of the data booklet.