Zadania wzorowane na pytaniach z tego arkusza: te same umiejętności, format i punktacja, inne dane i kontekst. Treści arkusza IB nie publikujemy.
W bazie 40 zadań z tego arkusza, razem 40 punktów, każde z kluczem i schematem punktowania. Najwięcej zadań sprawdza: Nuclear symbols and subatomic particles (2), Electron configurations of atoms and ions (2), Periodic trends in atomic properties (2).
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Dodaj cały arkusz do zestawuA beam containing protons, neutrons and electrons is passed between two charged metal plates. The three paths observed are labelled P, Q and R. Which row correctly identifies the particle following each path? A. P: electron, Q: proton, R: neutron B. P: proton,…
The letters below stand for four species, not for element symbols. Which pair of species has an identical number of outer-shell electrons? , , , A. J and M B. L and Q C.…
A strong acid is placed in a conical flask and a strong base is added to it from a burette. Which graph shows the pH curve for this titration? A. Graph A B. Graph B C. Graph C D. Graph D
Which diagram shows the electron configuration of an oxygen atom in its ground state? A. Diagram A B. Diagram B C. Diagram C D. Diagram D
Which row shows the gas and the conditions under which its behaviour is closest to that of an ideal gas? A. Hydrogen fluoride, HF, at high pressure and low temperature B. Methane, CH4, at high pressure and low temperature C. Hydrogen fluoride,…
Three orbital shapes, labelled I, II and III, are drawn below. Which row correctly identifies the shapes of a 2s orbital and a 2p orbital? A. 2s: II, 2p: I B. 2s: I, 2p: III C. 2s: I, 2p: II D. 2s: III, 2p: II
Which row shows the correct formula of aluminium sulfide and the electron configuration of each species in it? A. Al3S2; Al species [Ne]; S species [Ar] B. Al2S3; Al species [Ne] 3s2 3p1; S species [Ne] 3s2 3p4 C. Al2S3; Al…
Four allotropes of carbon, labelled W, X, Y and Z, are described in the table. Which row correctly identifies each allotrope? A. Diamond: Y, Graphite: W, Graphene: Z, Fullerene: X B. Diamond: Y, Graphite: Z, Graphene: W, Fullerene: X C. Diamond: Z, Graphite:…
For which of these molecules is the octet rule satisfied by every atom? I. SiCl4 II. NCl3 III. BCl3 A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
The cyanate ion, NCO−, can be represented by two Lewis formulas, X and Y. Which row correctly gives the formal charges on N, C and O in each structure and identifies the more stable structure? A. X: 0, 0, −1; Y: −1, 0, 0; more stable: Y B. X: 0, 0, −1;…
Which row lists these molecules in order of increasing bond angle? A. NF3, SiH4, HCHO, C2H2 B. SiH4, NF3, HCHO, C2H2 C. NF3, HCHO, SiH4, C2H2 D. C2H2, HCHO,…
A mixture of biphenyl, C12H10, and 4-phenylphenol, C12H10O, was separated by thin-layer chromatography on a polar silica plate, using the non-polar solvent cyclohexane as the mobile phase. What are the position and the retardation factor…
In the 19th century benzene was proposed to be cyclohexa-1,3,5-triene, a ring with three localized carbon-carbon double bonds. Which observation contradicts this model? A. Benzene is a planar molecule with bond angles of 120° B. The enthalpy of hydrogenation…
Phosphorus occurs as the atom and as several ions. In which row are the species arranged from the smallest radius to the largest? A. P3−, P, P3+, P5+ B. P5+, P3+, P, P3− C. P,…
Which statement explains why the atomic radius decreases across period 3 from magnesium, Mg, to sulfur, S? A. The number of occupied main energy levels increases B. The shielding effect of the inner electrons decreases C. The number of protons in the nucleus…
Which pair of elements would react together most vigorously? A. Na(s) and I2(s) B. Cs(s) and I2(s) C. Na(s) and F2(g) D. Cs(s) and F2(g)
A fixed amount of an ideal gas is kept at constant temperature while the volume of its container is decreased by 60 %. How does the pressure of the gas change? pV = nRT A. Pressure decreases by 60 % B. Pressure increases by 60 % C. Pressure increases by 150…
Vanadium forms compounds in the +2, +3, +4 and +5 oxidation states. Which statement explains why vanadium shows a range of oxidation states? A. The 3d sublevel splits into two sets of orbitals of different energy in its complexes B. The 3d and 4s electrons…
Which oxygen-containing compound gives this low-resolution NMR spectrum? A. Propanone B. Methyl ethanoate C. Propanoic acid D. Propan-2-ol
Consider the molecule octa-1,3,5,7-tetraene. How many stereoisomers of octa-1,3,5,7-tetraene are possible? A. 3 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16
What is a limitation of infrared (IR) spectroscopy in determining the structure of an organic compound? A. The sample is destroyed during the analysis B. Structural isomers containing the same functional groups give very similar spectra C. It cannot detect…
Which equation represents both the standard enthalpy of formation, ΔHf⊖, of a compound and the standard enthalpy of combustion, ΔHc⊖, of an element? A. B.…
A student stirred 0.030 mol of solid sodium hydrogencarbonate into 40 cm3 of a 1.0 mol dm−3 solution of ethanedioic acid. H2C2O4(aq) + 2 NaHCO3(s) → Na2C2O4(aq) + 2 CO2(g) + 2 H2O(l) The temperature of the solution fell from…
The table shows standard enthalpies of combustion. Which expression gives the enthalpy change, in kJ mol−1, of the following cracking reaction? C4H10(g) → C3H6(g) + CH4(g) A. −2878 + 2058 + 891 B. −2058 − 891 + 2878 C.…
Which reaction has the largest positive entropy change? A. 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) → 2 SO3(g) B. NH4Cl(s) → NH3(g) + HCl(g) C. H2(g) + Cl2(g) → 2 HCl(g) D. NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)
One route to 2-bromopropane is the substitution of propane by bromine in ultraviolet light. C3H8(g) + Br2(g) → C3H7Br(g) + HBr(g) (C3H8 = 44.11 g mol−1, Br2 = 159.80 g mol−1, C3H7Br = 123.00…
30 cm3 of butane was completely burned in 250 cm3 of oxygen according to the following equation. 2 C4H10(g) + 13 O2(g) → 8 CO2(g) + 10 H2O(l) What volume of oxygen remains unreacted, measured at the original conditions? A. 55…
The Maxwell–Boltzmann distribution below was obtained for a sample of gas at temperature T1. The activation energy of a reaction is marked as Ea. Which graph shows the distribution for the same sample at a higher temperature, T2, together…
The gas-phase decomposition below has reached equilibrium in a sealed vessel: PCl5(g) ⇌ PCl3(g) + Cl2(g) ΔH⊖ = +88 kJ mol−1 The pressure is then changed. Which row pairs the change correctly with the direction in which the…
The following results were obtained for the reaction between bromate(V) ions, bromide ions and hydrogen ions in aqueous solution. BrO3−(aq) + 5 Br−(aq) + 6 H+(aq) → 3 Br2(aq) + 3 H2O(l) Which row gives the order of reaction with respect to BrO3−,…
The reaction between sodium thiosulfate and hydrochloric acid was carried out at several temperatures to determine its activation energy. A graph of ln k against was plotted from the processed data, and the gradient of the line of best fit…
Which two species can act both as Brønsted–Lowry acids and as Brønsted–Lowry bases? A. H2CO3 and CO32− B. HCO3− and SO32− C. HCO3− and HSO3− D. H2SO3 and HSO3−
A solution has a pH of 4.0 at 298 K. What is the hydroxide ion concentration, [OH−], in mol dm−3? A. 10 B. 10−4 C. 10−10 D. 10−18
Sulfur has different oxidation states in hydrogen sulfide, H2S, and in sulfurous acid, H2SO3. Which pair of values is correct? A. H2S: +2; H2SO3: +4 B. H2S: −2; H2SO3: +6 C. H2S: −2; H2SO3: +4 D.…
Part of the reactivity series of metals is shown, from the most reactive to the least reactive. Mg, Al, Mn, Zn, Fe, Ni, Sn, Pb, Cu, Ag Which reaction is spontaneous? A. Fe2+(aq) + Ni(s) → Ni2+(aq) + Fe(s) B.…
Which alcohol and which conditions would give the highest yield of 3-methylbutanoic acid on oxidation with acidified potassium dichromate(VI)? A. 3-methylbutan-2-ol, reflux B. 3-methylbutan-1-ol, distillation C. 3-methylbutan-1-ol, reflux D.…
Which diagram correctly shows the heterolytic fission of the carbon-bromine bond in bromomethane? A. Diagram A B. Diagram B C. Diagram C D. Diagram D
What is the role of the hydroxide ion in the reaction of 2-bromopropane with warm aqueous sodium hydroxide? CH3CHBrCH3 + OH− → CH3CH(OH)CH3 + Br− A. Nucleophile and Lewis acid B. Electrophile and Lewis acid C. Nucleophile and Lewis base D. Electrophile…
The pH curve below was obtained when sodium hydroxide solution was added to a sample of ethanoic acid until the base was in excess. Which indicator would be most suitable for this titration? A. Methyl red, pKa = 5.1 B. Phenolphthalein,…
Benzene undergoes nitration when it is warmed with a mixture of concentrated nitric and sulfuric acids. Which species attacks the benzene ring in this substitution reaction? A. HNO3 B. NO2• C. NO2− D. NO2+
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