Zadanie 1
Which term describes the change of state shown in the equation below? I2(s) → I2(g) A. Deposition B. Melting C. Evaporation D. Sublimation
Chemistry HL Paper 1A, November 2025, TZ3
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Which feature of the hydrogen emission spectrum shows that the spacing between the electron energy levels decreases as the energy of the levels increases? A. The lines within each series get closer together towards the high-frequency end B. The spectrum…
Zadanie 3
What is the total number of ions in 0.30 mol of iron(III) nitrate, Fe(NO3)3? A. 0.30 × 1 × 6.02 × 1023 B. 0.30 × 3 × 6.02 × 1023 C. 0.30 × 4 × 6.02 × 1023 D.…
Zadanie 4
0.30 dm3 of nitrogen is mixed with 0.60 dm3 of hydrogen and the mixture reacts as completely as possible. All gas volumes are measured at the same temperature and pressure. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) What volume of ammonia, in…
Zadanie 5
An ideal gas is held in a rigid, sealed container at 27 °C, where its pressure is P Pa. The container is then cooled to −3 °C. Which expression best describes the new pressure of the gas? A. Slightly less than P B. Slightly more than P C. One ninth of…
Zadanie 6
Which row correctly gives the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of sulfur dichloride, SCl2? A. Trigonal planar electron domain geometry; bent molecular geometry B. Linear electron domain geometry; linear molecular geometry C.…
Zadanie 7
Which molecule has the largest net dipole moment? A. SiF4 B. CS2 C. H2S D. H2O
Zadanie 8
Which statements about the allotropes of carbon are correct? I. Graphite conducts electricity because each carbon atom contributes one electron to a delocalized system. II. Diamond conducts electricity because it has a covalent network structure. III.…
Zadanie 9
What is the hybridization of the atoms labelled I, II and III in the molecule shown? A. I: sp, II: sp3, III: sp3 B. I: sp, II: sp2, III: sp3 C. I: sp2, II: sp3, III:…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 10
A solid has a very high melting point, does not conduct electricity when solid or when molten, and is insoluble in water and in non-polar solvents. Which type of structure does the solid have? A. Ionic lattice B. Metallic lattice C. Covalent molecular D.…
Zadanie 11
What are the numbers of σ (sigma) and π (pi) bonds in one molecule of prop-2-ynal, HC≡CCHO? A. 5 σ and 3 π B. 3 σ and 3 π C. 3 σ and 5 π D. 6 σ and 2 π
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Zadanie 12
Which of these elements is a non-metal found in the p-block of the periodic table? A. Bi B. Se C. Sc D. Cs
Zadanie 13
In which compound is the electrostatic attraction between the ions weakest? A. MgO B. CaO C. CaS D. MgS
Zadanie 14
Which oxide reacts with water to give a solution with a pH greater than 7? A. SO2 B. P4O10 C. Al2O3 D. Na2O
Zadanie 15
Aqueous nickel(II) ions, [Ni(H2O)6]2+, appear green. Which statements correctly account for this colour? I. Red light is absorbed when an electron is promoted from the lower to the higher set of split d-orbitals. II. Green light is emitted when…
Zadanie 16
Which of these alkanes boils at the lowest temperature? A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH3 B. C(CH3)4 C. (CH3)2CHCH2CH3 D. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3
Zadanie 17
Which of the following compounds show stereoisomerism? I. CH3CH=CHCH3 II. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH3 III. (CH3)2C=CH2 A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
Zadanie 18
Which is the correct IUPAC name for the compound shown? A. 2-methylpent-3-enoic acid B. 4-methylpent-2-enoic acid C. 4-methylpent-3-enoic acid D. 3-methylbut-1-enoic acid
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Zadanie 19
When the equation for the complete combustion of 1 mol of pentan-1-ol, C5H11OH, is balanced, what is the sum of all the coefficients? Unbalanced equation: C5H11OH(l) + O2(g) → CO2(g) + H2O(l) A. 19 B. 19.5 C. 20 D. 39
Zadanie 20
The standard enthalpy changes of two reactions are given below. N2(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO(g) ΔH⊖ = x kJ mol−1 2 NO(g) + O2(g) → 2 NO2(g) ΔH⊖ = y kJ mol−1 What is ΔH⊖, in…
Zadanie 21
Which statement describes a disadvantage of using bioethanol rather than petrol (gasoline) as a fuel for cars? A. The carbon dioxide released when bioethanol burns was recently removed from the atmosphere by the crop B. Bioethanol releases less energy per…
Zadanie 22
Which set of products can be formed by the incomplete combustion of butane, C4H10? A. C, CO and H2O B. CO2 and H2O only C. CO and H2 only D. C and H2 only
Zadanie 23
A sealed glass tube contains solid iodine in equilibrium with iodine vapour at constant temperature. Which of the following could be observed? A. The purple colour of the vapour gradually becomes more intense B. The total mass of the solid decreases steadily…
Zadanie 24
Sucrose, C12H22O11, is hydrolysed with excess water and the glucose formed is then fermented. C12H22O11(aq) + H2O(l) → 2 C6H12O6(aq) C6H12O6(aq) → 2 C2H5OH(aq) + 2 CO2(g) Mr of C12H22O11 = 342.34 Mr of…
Zadanie 25
Equal volumes of nitrogen and hydrogen are mixed and react according to the equation below. The volumes of the two reactants are measured at intervals. N2(g) + 3 H2(g) → 2 NH3(g) Which graph shows how the volumes of the two reactants change with time? A.…
- Materiał graficzny
Zadanie 26
The following mechanism has been proposed for the reaction between nitrogen(II) oxide and hydrogen. 2 NO(g) ⇌ N2O2(g) fast N2O2(g) + H2(g) → N2O(g) + H2O(g) slow Which rate equation is consistent with this mechanism? A.…
Zadanie 27
Which of the following correctly describes the effect of a catalyst on a reaction? A. It increases the frequency of collisions between reactant particles B. It increases the proportion of collisions with energy greater than or equal to the activation energy C.…
Zadanie 28
Carbon monoxide reacts with chlorine to form phosgene, COCl2. CO(g) + Cl2(g) ⇌ COCl2(g) K = 2.75 × 103 at 45 °C ΔG = −RTln K R = 8.31 J K−1 mol−1 What is the Gibbs energy change, ΔG, in…
Zadanie 29
A mixture of 1 mol of nitrogen and 1 mol of oxygen is left to reach equilibrium at 25 °C. N2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 NO(g) K = 4.5 × 10−31 at 25 °C Which relationship holds in the equilibrium mixture? A. [NO] ≪ [N2] B.…
Zadanie 30
Sulfur dioxide and oxygen react reversibly: 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 SO3(g) At a certain temperature the equilibrium constant is K = 4.0. A mixture at this temperature has the following concentrations, in mol dm−3: [SO2] = 0.50,…
Zadanie 31
An aqueous solution at 298 K has a pH of 9.20. Kw = [H+][OH−] = 1.00 × 10−14 at 298 K What is the hydroxide ion concentration of the solution, in mol dm−3? A. 6.31 × 10−10 B. 1.58 × 10−9 C.…
Zadanie 32
Which of these aqueous solutions has the highest pH? A. 0.10 mol dm−3 HCl B. 1.0 mol dm−3 NH3 C. 0.10 mol dm−3 KOH D. 1.0 mol dm−3 KOH
Zadanie 33
Which row identifies the oxidizing agent and the reducing agent in the reaction below? 3 Cu(s) + 2 NO3−(aq) + 8 H+(aq) → 3 Cu2+(aq) + 2 NO(g) + 4 H2O(l) A. Oxidizing agent: Cu, reducing agent: NO3− B. Oxidizing agent: NO3−, reducing…
Zadanie 34
Which statement correctly describes a type of electrochemical cell? A. A secondary cell operates as a voltaic cell when discharging and as an electrolytic cell when it is recharged B. A primary (voltaic) cell converts electrical energy into chemical energy C.…
Zadanie 35
A voltaic cell is made by connecting a manganese half-cell (Mn(s) in Mn2+(aq)) and a tin half-cell (Sn(s) in Sn2+(aq)) under standard conditions. Mn2+(aq) + 2 e− ⇌ Mn(s) E⊖ = −1.18 V…
Zadanie 36
Which of the following is a correct description of the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)? A. Hydrogen gas at 100 kPa is bubbled through a 1.0 mol dm−3 solution of sodium hydroxide B. Its electrode potential of 0.00 V is assigned by convention,…
Zadanie 37
A concentrated aqueous solution of potassium bromide is electrolysed between inert electrodes. Which products are mainly formed at the anode and at the cathode? A. Anode: O2, cathode: H2 B. Anode: O2, cathode: K C. Anode:…
Zadanie 38
Which compound is formed when pentan-2-one, CH3COCH2CH2CH3, is reduced? A. CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2OH B. CH3CH2CH2CH2COOH C. CH3CH2CH2CH2CHO D. CH3CH(OH)CH2CH2CH3
Zadanie 39
What is the oxidation state of chromium in the complex [Cr(NH3)4Cl2]Cl? A. +1 B. +2 C. +3 D. +7
Zadanie 40
Which compound is the major product when 2-methylpropene, (CH3)2C=CH2, reacts with hydrogen chloride, HCl? A. (CH3)3CCl B. (CH3)2CHCH2Cl C. CH3CHClCH2CH3 D. (CH3)2CClCH2Cl