Zadanie 1
A sample of an element was analysed in a mass spectrometer and gave the spectrum shown. Which element gave this spectrum? A. Sc B. Ti C. V D. Cr
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Chemistry HL Paper 1A, May 2026, TZ2
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Dodaj cały arkusz do zestawuZadanie 2
Bromine (Ar = 79.90) consists of two isotopes, and . What is the relative abundance of ? A. 10 % B. 45 % C. 55 % D. 90 %
Zadanie 3
Which species has the ground state electron configuration [Ar] 3d8? A. Cu2+ B. Zn2+ C. Ni D. Ni2+
Zadanie 4
The first three ionization energies of elements X and Y are plotted below. Which pair of elements is X and Y? In each option the element X is given first and the element Y second. A. Al, Na B. Mg, Al C. Na, Mg D. Mg, Na
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Zadanie 5
Methane behaves almost as an ideal gas at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. Under which conditions would the molar volume of methane deviate most from the value predicted for an ideal gas? A. Low temperature and high pressure B. Low temperature and…
Zadanie 6
Which compounds contain ionic bonds? I. SiO2 II. CH3COONa III. MgO A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
Zadanie 7
The structure of dimethylamine, (CH3)2NH, is shown. What are the molecular geometries around a carbon atom and around the nitrogen atom? In each option the geometry around carbon is given first and the geometry around nitrogen second. A. Trigonal…
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Zadanie 8
The three isomers of C4H8O in the table have the same molar mass. What is the reason for the increase in boiling points? A. Increase in the number of covalent bonds per molecule B. Increase in molar mass C. Increase in the strength of intermolecular…
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Zadanie 9
Which electrostatic attraction holds the two atoms together in a molecule of hydrogen, H2? A. Between the two nuclei B. Between the two electrons of the shared pair C. Between neighbouring hydrogen molecules D. Between each nucleus and the shared pair…
Zadanie 10
Which molecule has a central atom with an expanded octet? A. ClF3 B. NF3 C. CF4 D. BeCl2
Zadanie 11
Which pair of compounds could react together in a condensation reaction that produces water? A. CH3CH2CH3 and Cl2 B. CH3CH=CH2 and HBr C. CH3CH2Cl and NH3 D. CH3CH2COOH and CH3CH2CH2OH
Zadanie 12
The diagram shows an outline of the periodic table with four regions labelled A, B, C and D. An element has the ground state electron configuration [Ar] 3d7 4s2. In which region is it found? A. Region A B. Region B C. Region C D. Region D
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Zadanie 13
Why is the first ionization energy of potassium lower than that of sodium? A. Potassium has fewer protons in its nucleus than sodium B. The outer electron of potassium is in a higher main energy level, further from the nucleus and more shielded C. Potassium…
Zadanie 14
Why do halogens form 1− ions? A. Highly exothermic electron affinity, so the atoms gain one electron B. Low ionization energy, so the atoms lose one electron C. High ionization energy, so the atoms gain one electron D. Low electronegativity, so the atoms gain…
Zadanie 15
What is the correct classification of the molecule shown? A. Carboxylic acid B. Ketone C. Ether D. Ester
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Zadanie 16
Benzene reacts with the nitronium ion, NO2+. C6H6 + NO2+ → C6H5NO2 + H+ Which species is the electrophile, and why? In each option the species is given first and the reason second. A. NO2+, accepts an electron pair B. NO2+, donates…
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Zadanie 17
What are the splitting patterns of the signals in the 1H NMR spectrum of ethoxyethane, CH3CH2OCH2CH3? A. A doublet and a quartet B. A triplet and a quartet C. A singlet and a triplet D. A doublet and a triplet
Zadanie 18
A chemist wants to confirm that a sample of an unknown organic compound contains a carbonyl group, C=O. Which technique gives this information most directly? A. Mass spectrometry B. Paper chromatography C. 1H NMR spectroscopy D. Infrared…
Zadanie 19
Which of the following processes are exothermic? I. K(g) → K+(g) + e− II. H2O(g) → H2O(l) III. Ag+(g) + Cl−(g) → AgCl(s) A. I and II only B. I and III only C. II and III only D. I, II and III
Zadanie 20
Ethane burns in a limited supply of oxygen. Which product is formed by incomplete combustion but not by complete combustion? A. CO2 B. CO C. H2O D. SO2
Zadanie 21
What are the electron domain geometry and the molecular geometry of sulfur hexafluoride, SF6? In each option the electron domain geometry is given first and the molecular geometry second. A. Octahedral, octahedral B. Octahedral, square planar C.…
Zadanie 22
Which ionic compound is expected to have the largest lattice enthalpy? A. MgO B. NaF C. KBr D. CaS
Zadanie 23
The Born–Haber cycle for the formation of potassium fluoride, KF, is shown. What is the enthalpy of formation of potassium fluoride, KF, in kJ mol-1? A. −490 B. +86.5 C. +1088.5 D. −569.5
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Zadanie 24
The concentration of reactant A was followed over time, and the rate of the reaction was measured at several concentrations of A. What is the order of reaction with respect to A? A. Zero order B. First order C. Second order D. Cannot be determined
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Zadanie 25
Aluminium sulfate reacts with barium chloride solution to form a precipitate of barium sulfate and an aqueous solution of aluminium chloride. Al2(SO4)3(aq) + BaCl2(aq) → AlCl3(aq) + BaSO4(s) What is the ratio of the coefficients of barium chloride to…
Zadanie 26
Sodium azide, NaN3 (Mr = 65.0), decomposes on heating to form sodium and nitrogen gas. 2 NaN3(s) → 2 Na(s) + 3 N2(g) What volume of nitrogen is produced from 26.0 g of sodium azide at STP? A. 6.05 dm3 B. 9.08 dm3…
Zadanie 27
Which statements describe the activation energy of a reaction? I. The minimum energy that colliding particles must have in order to react II. The energy difference between the reactants and the transition state on an energy profile III. The energy difference…
Zadanie 28
What is the equilibrium constant expression for the forward reaction? 2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇌ 2 SO3(g) A. B. C.…
Zadanie 29
The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide in the presence of iodide ions occurs in two steps. H2O2(aq) + I−(aq) → H2O(l) + IO−(aq) (slow) H2O2(aq) + IO−(aq) → H2O(l) + O2(g) + I−(aq) (fast) What is the role of I− in this mechanism? A.…
Zadanie 30
The system A(g) + B(g) ⇌ 2 C(g) has an equilibrium constant K = 2.5 × 10−2. What is correct about the direction of the spontaneous change when Q = 3.0? In each option the first part states which species are in excess and the second part the…
Zadanie 31
Which products are formed when sulfuric acid, H2SO4(aq), reacts with solid magnesium carbonate, MgCO3(s)? A. MgSO4(s) and H2CO3(aq) B. MgSO4(aq), H2O(l) and CO2(g) C. MgSO4(s), H2O(l) and…
Zadanie 32
Which solutions could produce the titration curve shown? In each option the titrant is named first, then the solution in the flask. A. Strong base added to strong acid B. Strong base added to weak acid C. Weak base added to weak acid D. Strong acid added to…
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Zadanie 33
What is the conjugate acid of the hydrogencarbonate ion, HCO3−? A. CO32− B. CO2 C. H2CO3 D. H3O+
Zadanie 34
Which species behaves as a Lewis base in the following reaction? Cl− + AlCl3 → AlCl4− A. Cl− B. AlCl3 C. AlCl4− D. Both Cl− and AlCl3
Zadanie 35
How does the acidity of a solution change when its pH decreases from 5 to 2? A. Increases 3 times B. Increases 1000 times C. Decreases 3 times D. Decreases 1000 times
Zadanie 36
What happens to hydrogen in the following reaction? Each option states whether hydrogen is oxidized or reduced and the change in its oxidation state. Mg(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → MgCl2(aq) + H2(g) A. Oxidized, from +1 to 0 B. Oxidized, from 0 to +1 C. Reduced,…
Zadanie 37
How many sigma bonds and pi bonds are in a molecule of the fatty acid shown, C12H20O2? In each option the number of sigma bonds is given first and the number of pi bonds second. A. 13 sigma, 3 pi B. 33 sigma, 6 pi C. 33 sigma, 3 pi D. 36 sigma, 3 pi
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Zadanie 38
Solutions of hydrobromic acid, HBr, and propanoic acid, CH3CH2COOH, have the same concentration. Which statement is correct? A. Both solutions have the same pH because both acids are monoprotic B. The propanoic acid solution has the lower pH C. The…
Zadanie 39
What occurs during the operation of a galvanic cell containing zinc, Zn, and nickel, Ni? Zn(s) ∣ Zn2+(aq) ∣∣ Ni2+(aq) ∣ Ni(s) I. Zinc atoms are oxidized at the anode II. Electrons flow through the external circuit from the nickel electrode to the zinc…
Zadanie 40
An electrochemical cell is written in cell notation with its standard cell potential. Pb(s) ∣ Pb2+(aq) ∣∣ Mg2+(aq) ∣ Mg(s) Ecell⊖ = −2.24 V What is correct about the cell reaction as written? In each option the sign of…