Zadanie 2c
(i) Use the chain rule to establish a = v dv/ds on a monotone motion branch. (ii) Solve the resulting differential equation to prove v2 = n2(A2 − s2). (iii) Hence or otherwise find the maximum speed.
Use Euler approximations and solve separable, homogeneous or linear first-order equations with appropriate initial conditions.
Tę umiejętność sprawdza 56 zadań wzorowanych na arkuszach IB z lat 2022–2026.
(i) Use the chain rule to establish a = v dv/ds on a monotone motion branch. (ii) Solve the resulting differential equation to prove v2 = n2(A2 − s2). (iii) Hence or otherwise find the maximum speed.
Solve on the branch containing x=3, y=√5. Give the result in the form y2 = f(x).
Hence show that , determining the positive constant p.
Find N in the form , where a,b,c are integers.
Use Euler’s method with step length 0.02 to estimate y(1.10).
Use 1/y2 = −4z to show that dz/dx − 2z/x = 1.
Hence solve the differential equation explicitly. You may use z = −1/(4y2).
Use the curve’s shape to explain whether the Euler estimate at x=1.10 is above or below the exact value.
Consider with x ≠ 0, y ≠ 3x/2 and y ≠ −x/2. Under the substitution y = vx, this becomes . Hence show that a solution relation is for some A > 0.
The solution relation is , with A > 0, x ≠ 0, y ≠ 3x/2 and y ≠ −x/2. Restrict the relation in (f) to . Show algebraically that it produces y = FA(x).
A differentiable function satisfies , with x > 0 and y ≠ −x, and passes through (3, 0). Use y = vx to show that its solution satisfies 2x2 − 2xy − y2 = 18.
Use Euler’s method with step size 0.25 to estimate y at x = 3.
The diagram shows two arcs of the associated solution relation. (i) Is the estimate in (a) above or below the upper arc at x = 3? Justify your answer using its curvature. (ii) Explain why forward Euler steps starting at (2, 0) cannot estimate the point on the…
By solving it, show that , where C is a constant.
Sketch the particular solution through (−3, 2) for −4 ≤ x ≤ 4, labelling the coordinates of its local maximum and minimum.
Consider two distinct solution curves passing through (−3, p) and (−3, q), where p ≠ q. Use their tangents at x = −3 to prove that every tangent at this x-coordinate, for this family of solutions, passes through a common point. State that point.
For the Gompertz model: (i) state dx/dt at x=1000; (ii) interpret it; (iii) for h(x) = ln(ln 1000 − ln x),0<x<1000, show h′(x) = −1/[xln(1000/x)]; (iv) hence separate variables to show ln x = ln 1000 − Ae−at with A>0; (v) find A as ln p for a positive…
The adjusted model is dx/dt = .101xln(1000/x) − .01x. (i) Starting at x₀=250 when t=4, use Euler’s method with step 0.4 years to estimate the count at t=8, to the nearest whole member. (ii) Comment on this prediction.
Solve , for 0 < x < π/2, with y = 64/π3 at x = π/4. You may use .
Solve the differential equation and find a.
Given y = 2 when x = π/2, find b.
(i) Find y′ at x=1. (ii) Use two equal Euler steps to estimate y at x=1.2. (iii) Assuming concavity does not change on 1≤x≤1.2, state the concavity and justify it from your estimates.
(i) Show that (x2 + xy)y′′ = 2x + y − x(y′)2 − (x + 17y)y′. (ii) Find y″ at x=1.
Solve the given differential equation using y=vx and show that its initial-value solution satisfies x8(3y − x)2 = x + 3y.
For general f,g under the stated assumptions, rearrange the differential identity to show that f′/f = g′/(2g′ − g).
Integrate f′/f = g′/(2g′ − g) to show that , where A>0 is constant.
Use with g(x) = xex/2 to find the positive companion f satisfying f(0)=1.
Use the same companion-function formula, , with on 0<x<2π. Find the positive f satisfying f(π) = eπ/4, in the form f(x) = ex/4h(x).
Solve dy/dx = 2x − 3y, with y(0)=4, giving y explicitly as a function of x.
Use Euler’s method with step length π/12 to estimate y at x=π/3, giving three significant figures.
Show that cot x is an integrating factor.
Hence solve the initial-value problem and show that y=x tan x.
The exact solution is y=x tan x. (i) Find y at x=π/3 to three significant figures. (ii) Considering the gradient, explain why the forward Euler estimate from π/6 using steps of π/12 is inaccurate here. (iii) Explain why that estimate is less than the exact…
Using the differential equation and its solution y=x tan x, deduce that the curve has positive gradient throughout 0<x<π/2.
Use Euler’s method to estimate y(0.20), giving six significant figures.
(i) Using (2x2 − 3)/(x2 + 1) = 2 − 5/(x2 + 1), solve the differential equation with the given initial condition, in explicit form. (ii) Hence evaluate y(0.20) to six significant figures.
Explain why Euler’s method with the specified step underestimates the exact solution at grid points in 0<x<1.
Use one Euler step of length 0.05 to estimate y(1.05).
Solve the differential equation to show that .
Evaluate the exact solution at x=1.05. Use the explicit solution .
Explain using concavity why the exact value at 1.05 exceeds the one-step Euler estimate. Use and one forward Euler step from x=1,y=3 of length 0.05.
(i) Express the slope of y=kx² using only x,y. (ii) Hence show its orthogonal trajectories satisfy y′=−x/(2y). (iii) Solve this differential equation to show that these trajectories have equation x²+2y²=C, with constant C.
Now take f=−2x/y and α=π/4, working locally where x>0, y≠0 and y+2x≠0. (i) Show that g=(y−2x)/(y+2x). (ii) Solve the homogeneous equation y′=(y−2x)/(y+2x) and give its general implicit form h(x,y)=d. You may use…
Use Euler’s method with step 0.2 to estimate y(1), giving four significant figures.
Solve the equation to show that y = 6 − 5e−x/8.
Find the absolute error of the Euler estimate at x=1. Use y = 6 − 5e−x/8 and the Euler value 1.594521533203125 (or its four-significant-figure rounding 1.595).
Use Euler’s method with step 0.2 to estimate y(1), giving four significant figures.
Solve the equation to show that y = 6 − 5e−x/8.
Find the absolute error of the Euler estimate at x=1. Use y = 6 − 5e−x/8 and the Euler value 1.594521533203125 (or its four-significant-figure rounding 1.595).
Use Euler’s method with step 0.08 to estimate y(1.4).
Use y=vx to show that x dv/dx = v2 − 2v − 3.
(i) Solve the differential equation and show that y = (15x + x5)/(5 − x4) on its initial-value branch. (ii) Find the actual value y(1.4). (iii) Use the graph of this solution to explain why five Euler steps of 0.08 from (1,4) give a poor estimate at 1.4.
Solve the differential equation with P(0)=P₀ and show that .
For a particular network H=P₀/2,N=4P₀ and P(8)=3P₀. Using , find k.
Use y=vx to solve the differential equation, giving an equation of the form y2 = F(x).
Consider both real branches of the algebraic curve y2 = x2(9 − 6ln x), with x>0 and y≠0. Its points of zero gradient lie on lines y=mx. Find both values of m.
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